The present study was conducted to reveal effects of in ovo injection of nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (Fadrozole) or estradiol at day 3 of incubation on mRNA levels of P45017alphahydroxylase (P450c17), P450 aromatase (P450arom) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in the chicken gonads. The mRNA levels in the gonads at days 4-8 of incubation were assessed by in situ hybridization analysis using...

This study aimed to develop sex reversal procedures targeting the embryonic period as tools to study the early steps of sex differentiation in Nile tilapia with XX, XY, and YY sexual genotypes. XX eggs were exposed to masculinizing treatments with androgens (17α-methyltestosterone, 11-ketotestosterone) or aromatase inhibitor (Fadrozole), whereas XY and YY eggs were subjected to feminizing treat...

Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) occurs in all major reptile lineages, but the selective forces and physiological mechanisms that link sex to incubation temperature may differ among and within those groups. Different models for TSD evolution make different predictions about when offspring sex will respond to environmental cues. Although TSD has evolved in several lizard lineages, t...

A mixture of acetaminophen, diphenhydramine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride is used for the symptomatic treatment of common cold. In this study, a derivative spectrophotometric method based on zero-crossing technique was proposed for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, diphenhydramine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Determination of these drugs was perf...

Sexual dimorphisms are present throughout the zebra finch song system, from forebrain centers to the tracheosyringeal portion of the hypoglossal nucleus (nXIIts) to the muscles of the syrinx (vocal organ). In females, gonadal steroids administered during development can partially masculinize the telencephalic areas, and in adulthood can increase the size of syrinx muscles. In the present study,...

Endocrine disrupting chemicals can induce intersex animals in amphibians and fish. Our previous study in frogs demonstrated that chemically-induced intersex animals can display different hepatic profiles of transcript levels than normal animals. In this study, we extend the observations to the developing frog brain. We investigated the effects of finasteride and fadrozole known to induce female...

Aromatase inhibitors are endocrine agents with a different mode of action than tamoxifen against breast tumors. In postmenopausal women, estrogen concentrations are maintained primarily via aromatase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme that acts at the final step in the estrogen synthesis pathway. The first clinically available aromatase inhibitor, aminoglutethimide, was introduced for the second-line t...

Sex steroids are major drivers of sexual development and also responsible for the maintenance of the established gender. Especially fishes exhibit great plasticity and less conservation in sex determination and sexual development compared to other vertebrate groups. In addition, fishes have a constant sex steroid production throughout their entire lifespan, which makes them particularly suscept...

Steroid hormones play an important role in modulating social behavior in many species. Estrogens are thought to act on an interconnected network of hypothalamic and limbic brain areas to affect aggressive behavior, although the specific nuclei unknown remain unspecified. We show that individual variation in estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) immunoreactivity in the lateral septum (LS), ventral b...

Emerging research has demonstrated that the sex hormone estradiol regulates fear extinction in female rodents and women. Estradiol may also regulate fear extinction in males, given its role in synaptic plasticity in both sexes. Here we report that inhibition of estradiol synthesis during extinction training, via the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole, significantly impairs extinction recall in male ...