In emotion research, criticism has been directed to the use of static facial expressions, especially concerning its supposedly low ecological validity. In the present work, we performed a review of studies that directly compared the recognition of emotions using static and dynamic facial expressions. Behavioral, neuroimaging, brain damage and facial electromyography studies, published since 199...

BACKGROUND The relationships between facial mimicry and subsequent psychological processes remain unclear. We hypothesized that the congruent facial muscle activity would elicit emotional experiences and that the experienced emotion would induce emotion recognition. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To test this hypothesis, we re-analyzed data collected in two previous studies. We recorded facia...

Do facial expressions of emotion influence us when not consciously perceived? Methods to investigate this question have typically relied on brief presentation of static images. In contrast, real facial expressions are dynamic and unfold over several seconds. Recent studies demonstrate that gaze contingent crowding (GCC) can block awareness of dynamic expressions while still inducing behavioural...

Schizophrenia patients have been shown to be compromised in their ability to recognize facial emotion. This deficit has been shown to be related to negative symptoms severity. However, to date, most studies have used static rather than dynamic depictions of faces. Nineteen patients with schizophrenia were compared with seventeen controls on 2 tasks; the first involving the discrimination of fac...

Two experiments were run to examine the effects of dynamic displays of facial expressions of emotions on time judgments. The participants were given a temporal bisection task with emotional facial expressions presented in a dynamic or a static display. Two emotional facial expressions and a neutral expression were tested and compared. Each of the emotional expressions had the same affective val...

Facial aging reflects the dynamic, cumulative effects of time on the skin, soft tissues, and deep structural components of the face, and is a complex synergy of skin textural changes and loss of facial volume. Many of the facial manifestations of aging reflect the combined effects of gravity, progressive bone resorption, decreased tissue elasticity, and redistribution of subcutaneous fullness. ...

AbstrucfWe present a new approach to the analysis of dynamic facial images for the purposes of estimating and resynthesizing dynamic facial expressions. The approach exploits a sophisticated generative model of the human face originally developed for realistic facial animation. The face model, which may be simulated and rendered at interactive rates on a graphics workstation, incorporates a phy...

Altered facial expressions of emotions are characteristic impairments in schizophrenia. Ratings of affect have traditionally been limited to clinical rating scales and facial muscle movement analysis, which require extensive training and have limitations based on methodology and ecological validity. To improve reliable assessment of dynamic facial expression changes, we have developed automated...

Facial expression has been central to the study of emotion < cross-ref to emotion > for over a hundred years (Darwin, 1872/1998). Much of what we have learned was made possible by technological breakthroughs: photography in the nineteenth century and film and later video in the twentieth. Today, two new technologies are just beginning to make their p...