A rare Sindbis virus anti-E1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody, Sin-33, was investigated to determine the mechanism of in vitro neutralization. A cryoelectron microscopic reconstruction of Sindbis virus (SVHR) neutralized with FAb from Sin-33 (FAb-33) revealed conformational changes on the surface of the virion at a resolution of 24 A. FAb-33 was found to bind E1 in less than 1:1 molar ratios, a...

This paper reports a method to control the formation and disruption of vesicles from a novel single-tailed surfactant (11-ferrocenylundecylammonium bromide, 11-FAB), which contains two stimuli-responsive groups corresponding to pH variation and redox reaction conditions, by external stimuli. Although 11-FAB is a single-tailed surfactant, pure 11-FAB spontaneously forms vesicles in water. Micros...

Jel 42 is a monoclonal antibody specific for histidine-containing protein, a small phosphocarrier protein required for sugar transport in Escherichia coli. Fab fragments prepared from this antibody by papain digestion consisted of three major isoelectric forms which were separated on a chromatofocusing column. Two of these forms produced large crystals in space group P21 and unit cell dimension...

The human combinatorial antibody library Fab 1 (HuCAL-Fab 1) was generated by transferring the heavy and light chain variable regions from the previously constructed single-chain Fv library (Knappik, A., Ge, L., Honegger, A., Pack, P., Fischer, M., Wellnhofer, G., Hoess, A., Wölle, J., Plückthun, A., and Virnekäs, B. (2000) J. Mol. Biol. 296, 57-86), diversified in both complementarity-determin...

BACKGROUND Fab antibody fragments in E. coli are usually directed to the oxidizing periplasmic space for correct folding. From periplasm Fab fragments may further leak into extracellular medium. Information on the cultivation parameters affecting this leakage is scarce, and the unpredictable nature of Fab leakage is problematic regarding consistent product recovery. To elucidate the effects of ...

We measured the flexibility of Fab and Fc arms of immunoglobulin using gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure the affinity of anti-5 nm GNP antiserum against various sizes of GNPs. The flexibility of Fc was also measured by electron microscopy. The restricted binding affinity indicated that only a very limited amount of freedom was allowed for the ...

This study introduces the application of calcium-derivatized hydroxyapatite for purification of Fab. Fab binds to native hydroxyapatite but fails to bind to the calcium derivatized form. IgG, Fc, and most other protein contaminants bind to the calcium form. This supports Fab purification by a simple flow-through method that achieves greater than 95% purity from papain digests and mammalian cell...

This paper presents a series of experiments that were conducted to investigate in the instationary behavior of a wafer fab after changes in product mix. The experiments were performed using a simulation model of the front end area of an existing semiconductor fab. We observe how short-term increases in wafer starts of a product influence the cycle time and WIP of this product and of the other p...

OBJECTIVE To show data on the performance of healthy subjects in the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), correlating with gender, age, education, and scores in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). METHODS Two hundred and seventy-five healthy individuals with mean age of 66.4 ± 10.6 years-old were evaluated. Mean total FAB scores were established according to the educational level. RESULT...