Cultures of a stable L-phase variant of Streptococcus faecium F24 produced and retained peptidoglycan precursors intracellularly over the entire growth cycle in a chemically defined medium. The identity of the most abundant precursor, UDP N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine (UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide), was confirmed by demonstrating in vitro the presence of enzymes requ...

In 2013, Joux and then Barbulescu et al. presented new algorithms for computing discrete logarithms in finite fields of small characteristic. Shortly thereafter, Adj et al. presented a concrete analysis showing that, when combined with some steps from classical algorithms, the new algorithms render the finite field F36·509 weak for pairing-based cryptography. Granger and Zumbrägel then presente...

The development and architecture of L-form agar colonies produced from protoplasts and L-phase bodies were studied by both light and scanning electron microscopy. Agar blocks containing L-phase microcolonies of group A Streptococcus strains ADA and GL8 and group D Streptococcus strain F24 as well as longitudinal sections of mature colonies were used as samples. Initially, granules of about 0.5 ...

Seventy-two bacterial strains were isolated from twenty various sources including soil, water, rotten fruits, vegetables etc. Preliminary screening for pectinase producing bacterial strains was done by well plate method and twenty-six bacterial strains gave zones on Minimum Salt (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2% pectin. Most of the isolates belonged to plant origin, either rotten fruits or veg...

This research study examined the effect of foreign remittances and economic growth on poverty in Pakistan. Annual time series data was analyzed for the time period 1978 to 2010. Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Philips-Perron confirmed the problem of non-stationarity at level. This problem was eliminated by taking first difference of all variables. Johansen-juselius co-integration test was applied f...

Remittances to Latin America from Migrants in the United States: Assessing the Impact of Amnesty Programs The magnitude of remittance flows to Latin America exceeds the combined inflows of foreign direct investment and official development assistance to the region. Since the United States is the destination country of the vast majority of migrants from Mexico, as well as from other Latin Americ...

We present X-ray spectral analysis of the brightest sources (f2−10 keV > 10 −15 erg cm s ) in the Chandra Deep Field North. Our sample consists of 222 sources; for the vast majority (171) either a spectroscopic or a photometric redshift is available. Our goal is to discover the Compton-thick AGN in a direct way i.e. through their X-ray spectra. Compton-thick AGN give away their presence in X-ra...

We estimate the causal effects of immigrant networks on individuals’ remittance sending behavior for migrants from many different countries residing in Spain. Our methodology addresses typical issues that arise when estimating network effects: reverse causality, common unobserved factors, and self-selection. In particular, we instrument the size of networks by predicting the number of migrants ...

This paper investigates large linear mappings with very good diffusion and efficient software implementations, that can be used as part of a block cipher design. The mappings are derived from linear codes over a small field (typically F24 ) with a high dimension (typically 16) and a high minimum distance. This results in diffusion matrices with equally high dimension and a large branch number. ...

In developing countries, the large majority of migrants move inside their own countries or to neighboring regions, yet there is limited evidence on whether internal migrants represent a source of insurance for their household of origin or vice-versa. To test whether transfers sent and received by migrants serve an insurance role, this paper estimates the causal impact of income shocks at a migr...