A method for the extrusion of arbitrary polygon meshes is introduced. This method can be applied to model a large class of complex 3-D closed surfaces. It consists of defining a (typically small) set of connected polygons in 3-D that form a skeleton of the final object, and assigning extrusion distances to all polygons. Both sides of a polygon may have different extrusion distances. An automati...

OBJECTIVES Meniscal extrusion is often present in knees with OA, and has been associated with cartilage changes. It is unknown whether meniscal extrusion is related to subchondral bone. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between meniscal extrusion and knee cartilage and subchondral bone, and also changes in these structures over 2 years in a cohort with mild to moderate knee O...

Epithelial cell extrusion and subsequent apoptosis is a key mechanism to prevent the accumulation of excess cells. By contrast, when driven by oncogene expression, apical cell extrusion is followed by proliferation and represents an initial step of tumorigenesis. E-cadherin (E-cad), the main component of adherens junctions, has been shown to be essential for epithelial cell extrusion, but its m...

Streptococcus faecalis, like other bacteria, accumulates potassium ions and expels sodium ions. This paper is concerned with the pathway of sodium extrusion. Earlier studies (D.L. Heefner and F.M. Harold, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:2798-2802, 1982) showed that sodium extrusion is effected by a primary, ATP-linked sodium pump. I report here that cells grown under conditions in which sodium AT...

The kinetic properties of cruciform extrusion in supercoiled DNA molecules fall into two main classes. C-type cruciforms extrude in the absence of added salt, at relatively low temperatures, with large activation energies, while S-type cruciforms exhibit no extrusion in the absence of salt, and maximal rates at 50 mM NaCl, with activation energies about one quarter those of the C-type. These di...

The objectives of this study were to determine the ileal and total tract digestibility of individual fatty acids, ether extract, energy, protein, and AA in a mix of flax and field pea (FP) and to determine whether extrusion improves the nutritive value of this mix. Five barrows (23-kg initial BW) fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were fed 5 diets at 3 times the maintenance energy requ...

In this paper, an analytical method for noncircular shape extrusion is presented. Using this method, non-linear deformation field can be described with Hermit cubic spline which is prescribed by the boundary conditions of the die at its entryand exit. The upper bound method has been used to obtain optimum coefficient of the tangential boundary conditions. The results show that the optimum tange...

In this paper, an analytical method for noncircular shape extrusion is presented. Using this method, non-linear deformation field can be described with Hermit cubic spline which is prescribed by the boundary conditions of the die at its entryand exit. The upper bound method has been used to obtain optimum coefficient of the tangential boundary conditions. The results show that the optimum tange...

In this paper, a generalized expression for the flow field in axisymmetric extrusion process is suggested to be valid for any dies and the boundary shapes of the plastic deformation zone. The general power terms are derived and the extrusion force is calculated by applying upper bound technique for a streamlined die shape and exponential functions for shear boundaries. It is shown that assuming...

Vortex extrusion (VE) is a severe plastic deformation technique which is based on the synergies between high strain accumulation and high hydrostatic pressure. Such a high amount of pressure, places a mandate to seek the method for investigation of the load under processing conditions. For this, kinematically admissible velocity field and upper bound terms based on Bezier formulation are develo...