Short-term associations between both hot and cold ambient temperatures and higher mortality have been found worldwide. Few studies have examined these associations on longer time scales. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were calculated for 1976-2012 for Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China, defining "annual" time periods in 2 ways: from May through April of the following year and f...

Recent evidence from studies performed mainly in warm climates suggests an association between exposure to extreme temperatures late in pregnancy and an increased risk of preterm delivery. However, there have been fewer studies on the effect of low temperatures. The aim of this study is to explore the potential association between both heat and cold during late pregnancy and an increased risk o...

The changing frequency of extreme climate events generally has profound impacts on our living environment and decision-makers. Based on the daily temperature and precipitation data collected from 753 stations in China during 1961–2005, the geographically weighted regression GWR model is used to investigate the relationship between the index of frequency of extreme precipitation FEP and other cl...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Definitions of cold adaptation 4. Types of cold adaptation 4.1. Physiological and morphological adaptation 4.2. Genetic adaptation to cold 4.3. Behavioural adaptation to cold 5. Acclimatization to cold 5.1. Cold acclimatization among indigenous people 5.2. Polar expeditions 5.3. Ski journeys 5.4. Sojourn in tropical climates 5.5. Cold acclimatization in modern soc...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although extreme climatic events such as drought are known to modify forest dynamics by triggering tree dieback, the impact of extreme cold events, especially at the low-latitude margin ('rear edge') of species distributional ranges, has received little attention. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of one such extreme cold event on a population of Scots pine (Pi...

[1] Analyses of climate model simulations and observations reveal that extreme cold events are likely to persist across each land‐continent even under 21st‐century warming scenarios. The grid‐based intensity, duration and frequency of cold extreme events are calculated annually through three indices: the coldest annual consecutive three‐day average of daily maximum temperature, the annual maxim...