An efficient low-level word image representation plays a crucial role in general cursive word recognition. This paper proposes a novel representation scheme, where a word image can be represented as two sequences of feature vectors in two independent channels, which are extracted from vertical peak points on the upper external contour and at vertical minima on the lower external contour, respec...

New product development projects are experiencing increasing internal and external project complexity. Complexity leadership theory proposes that external complexity requires adaptive and enabling leadership, which facilitates opportunity recognition (OR). We ask whether internal complexity also requires OR for increased adaptability. We extend a model of EO and OR to conclude that internal com...

The perception and recognition of familiar faces are thought to depend critically on an analysis of the internal features of the face. However, other studies have shown that combining highly familiar internal features with an inappropriate set of familiar external features produces a composite face whose identity is dominated by the external features. Here, we show that this illusion depends on...

speech emotion can add more information to speech in comparison to available textual information. however, it will also lead to some problems in speech recognition process. in a previous study, we depicted the substantial changes of speech parameters caused by speech emotion. therefore, in order to improve emotional speech recognition rate, in a first step, the effects of emotion on speech par...

Smart cards are widely used for security purposes. To protect smart cards against misuse an authentication process (e.g. entering a pin or password) is necessary. Due to missing input interfaces “on-card”, an external terminal is required to input the password. Unfortunately the required external hardware (e.g. keypads, etc.) opens up new security issues by being vulnerable against attacks like...

Two opposite ways to build a scientific description of the world are the Platonic and Aristotelean approaches. In the area of pattern recognition they may be applied to both, external examples, as well as to our own internally observed recognition abilities. Consequently, four scientific approaches to pattern recognition may be distinguished. They are explained here and illustrated by some exam...

This paper presents a method for named entity recognition and disambiguation based on Wikipedia. First, we establish Wikipedia database using open source tools named JWPL. Second, we extract the definition term from the first sentence of Wikipedia page and use it as external knowledge in named entity recognition. Finally, we achieve named entity disambiguation using Wikipedia disambiguation pag...

Uncertain recognition success, unfavorable scaling of connection complexity, or dependence on complex external input impair the usefulness of current oscillatory neural networks for pattern recognition or restrict technical realizations to small networks. We propose a network architecture of coupled oscillators for pattern recognition which shows none of the mentioned flaws. Furthermore we illu...

A key problem for face recognition has been accurate identification under variable illumination conditions. Conventional video cameras sense reflected light so that image grayvalues are a product of both intrinsic skin reflectivity and external incident illumination, thus obfuscating the intrinsic reflectivity of skin. Thermal emission from skin, on the other hand, is an intrinsic measurement t...