The "vertical drop Structure" is one of the basic types used in channel system flow. Drops are used as slope breakers in some parts of channels where we encounter supercritical slopes. Scour is a dynamic phenomenon that is visible in vertical drop tail water depth. Because of complexity of Scour process and simultaneous testing of variables’ effective compliance, studies are still underway to d...

This research aims to study jet downstream scour model under the influence of changes of water level. It also studies and analyzes different parameters and components of diffusion of submerged jet flow in an acceptor fluid and scour hole dimensions. To achieve the objectives, a physical model was made in proportion to the research title. With the Froude number increasing in a nozzle discharge, ...

Laboratory tests were carried out to assess the local scour by three-dimensional wall jets from a square crosssection nozzle. To this end, three different tailwater depths were used and the jet expansion ratio was held greater than ten. Velocity measurements were conducted using a one component laser Doppler anemometer. The jet exit Reynolds number was maintained to 1x10 and this value can be c...

stable pile depth in the Snowy River study (SKM 2005) is outlined. The inputs used in the run of the LLP99 model were: • single soil layer, • very high flexural stiffness of pile (1,000,000 kN/m). • pile width = 0.3 m (i.e. wooden pile), • shear strength in the absence of lateral stress (for unconsolidated sand 150 kN/m was used), • effective unit weight of soil (15 kN/m), • active lateral effe...

When a jet of gas impinges vertically on a granular bed and forms a crater, the grains may be moved by several different mechanisms: viscous erosion, diffused gas eruption, bearing capacity failure, and/or diffusion-driven shearing. The relative importance of these mechanisms depends upon the flow regime of the gas, the mechanical state of the granular material, and other physical parameters. H...