Abstract We report on an extended version of the one-dimensional model proposed by Constant et al (1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 1668) to study phase matching high-order harmonic generation in absorbing and dispersive medium. The model—expanded from zeroth first order—can be used with media having a pressure profile varying linearly propagation length. Based new formulas, importance medium that ends...

A basic classifier system, ZCS, is presented which keeps much of Holland’s original framework but simplifies it to increase understandability and performance. ZCS’s relation to Q-learning is brought out, and their performances compared in environments of two difficulty levels. Extensions to ZCS are proposed for temporary memory, better action selection, more efficient use of the genetic algorit...

Design and performance of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) bandpass filter (BPF) using Composite Right/Left-handed (CRLH) Zeroth-order Resonators have been studied. The Bloch analysis is applied based on the S parameters to derive the characteristics of the eigenmodes (Bloch modes), from which the right/left-handed frequency band and the zeroth-order resonant frequency are clearly determined. Then, t...

In this work the usage of a composite right/lefthanded (CRLH) metamaterial transmission line resonator as a transmit/receive coil for 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is investigated. On the basis of zeroth-order resonant antennas (ZORAs) a zeroth-order resonant coil (ZORC) was designed. Due to a constant current distribution along the element, a homogenous magnetic field is achieved in...

We study string propagation in an anisotropic, cosmological background. We solve the equations of motion and the constraints by performing a perturbative expansion of the string coordinates in powers of c, the world-sheet speed of light. To zeroth order the string is approximated by a tensionless string (since c is proportional to the string tension T ). We obtain exact, analytical expressions ...

In this paper, we answer the question under which conditions the porousmedium equation with convection and with periodic boundary conditions possesses gradient-type Lyapunov functionals (first-order entropies). It is shown that the weighted sum of first-order and zeroth-order entropies are Lyapunov functionals if the weight for the zeroth-order entropy is sufficiently large, depending on the st...

A novel composite right/left-handed (CRLH) coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed zeroth-order resonator antenna is proposed. The shorted CRLH transmission line exhibits zeroth-order resonance at 2 GHz and operates with narrow bandwidth. The dispersion analysis is also carried out and presented in this article. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and tested. Omnidirectional radiation pattern with a ...

Abstract The innermost region of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 2992 has long been suspected to be location intense AGN–host interaction, but photon pile up in previous high-resolution observations hampered study soft X-ray excess and interaction near its nucleus. We present an imaging spectroscopic analysis circumnuclear (1″–3″) using zeroth-order image a 135 ks grating observation obtained with Chand...