In this paper, based on a distributed particle filter, two tracking algorithms are proposed for tracking mobile targets in cluster-based underwater sensor networks (USNs). Both tracking algorithms run local particle filter sequentially at each cluster along target trajectories, but they adopt different methods of selecting measurements from sensor nodes to balance the information contribution a...

BACKGROUND Pichia stipitis xylose reductase (Ps-XR) has been used to design Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that are able to ferment xylose. One example is the industrial S. cerevisiae xylose-consuming strain TMB3400, which was constructed by expression of P. stipitis xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase and overexpression of endogenous xylulose kinase in the industrial S. cerevisiae str...

Abstract The Modern Synthesis (MS) gene-centered population model of evolution is currently being challenged by the Extended Evolutionary (ESS) organism-centered developmental evolution. predictions EES are here examined with respect to arguments Edward Drinker Cope (1840–1897) for an evolutionary process in which organisms both shape and shaped their environments such that activities themselve...

This article intends to estimate the optimal value of investment and human capital in R&D sector of Iranian economy using an augmented endogenous growth model. To do so, two issues have been studied. First, an endogenous growth model has been extended to include investment in R&D as an independent variable. In the framework of this model, in order to determine the optimal value of investment an...