Abstract In 1947, N.E. Steenrod defined the Squares, which are mod 2 cohomology operations, using explicit cochain formulae for cup- i products of cocycles. He later recast construction in more general homological terms, group homology and acyclic model methods, rather than formulae, to define p operations all primes . Steenrod’s student J. Adem applied point view prove fundamental relations, k...

abstractthis study examined the effect of two types of feedback, post-text as a written feedback and recast as an oral one on written grammatical accuracy of iranian intermediate efl learners. to this end, 45 intermediate students who were studying at ideal language institute in sari were selected based on their performance on the nelson proficiency test, and then divided into three groups (two...

based on the controversial beliefs among l2 teachers about effective corrective feedback (cf) strategies, recast and prompts as 2 kinds of cf have drawn the attention of l2 researchers(e.g., braidi, 2002; iwashita, 2003; loewen & philp, 2006; panova & lyster, 2002; sheen, 2004). despite these numbers of studies, debate continues to exist about their usefulness as a cf technique. whereas...

This paper seeks to develop a computationally tractable framework for data-driven control of switched linear systems . Specifically, given model structure and experimental data collected at different operating points, we seek directly design state-feedback controller that stabilizes system arbitrarily switches amongst all sub-systems could have generated the observed data, without an explicit p...

The role of implicit and explicit negative feedback in language acquisition has been of major concern, especially in Second Language Acquisition (SLA). Research in SLA has demonstrated that implicit negative feedback such as recast and implicit expansion are potential triggers of language development and learning. Data from two experiments, using a pretest-posttest experimental control design, ...

We give a constructive proof of the classical Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem for ordinary differential equations which provides sufficient condition an initial value problem to have unique, analytic solution. Our is inspired by modern numerical technique rigorously solving nonlinear problems known as radii polynomial approach. The main idea recast existence and uniqueness solutions fixed point on ...

The design and analysis of a unified asymptotic preserving (AP) well-balanced scheme for the Euler Equations with gravitational frictional source terms is presented in this paper. behaviour system limit zero Mach Froude numbers, large friction characterised by an additional scaling parameter. Depending on values parameter, relaxes towards hyperbolic or parabolic equation. Standard Implicit–Expl...

This research explores the effects of three computer-mediated feedback modalities, that is, elicitation, recast, and meta-linguistics, on the learning of English participial, gerund, and infinitival phrases among Iranian intermediate-level EFL learners. The overriding focus of the present study was to investigate whether different types of feedback given through form-focused computer-human exch...