1. The depressant drugs which have been studied in this series of experiments were found to resemble morphine and heroine in that they depressed expiration more than inspiration, but they acted only in narcotic doses and always depressed inspiration at the same time. Ether caused a sharp expiratory rhythm, persisting until narcosis was very deep, probably a result of irritation of the air passa...

The application of negative expiratory pressure (NEP) at end expiration has been shown to cause reflex-mediated activation of the genioglossus muscle in awake humans. To test whether a reflex contraction of pharyngeal dilator muscles also occurs in response to NEP applied in early expiration, the effect on genioglossus muscle reflex activity of NEP pulses of 500 ms, given 0.2 s after the onset ...

The development of a persistent air-leak due to secondary pneumothorax in patients with COPD is a difficult problem. Treatment options can include surgery, pleurodesis, and various endoscopic techniques. The use of one-way valves has been reported in patients with broncho-pleural and alveolo-pleural fistulae arising after surgical resection as well as after secondary pneumothorax. Isolating the...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of expiration on abdominal muscle activity during maximum trunk flexion. [Subjects] Twenty-one healthy university students (10 men, 11 women) participated in this study. [Methods] Electromyography (EMG) was used to quantify the activity of the right rectus abdominis, external oblique, and internal oblique muscles. The paired t-t...

This paper investigates whether the 2011 expiration of the most comprehensive trade preference program (Generalized System of Preferences or GSP) offered by the US had a detrimental impact on the exports from developing countries. The impact of GSP expiration is examined with a triple difference-in-differences estimation that controls for both countryand product-level export changes. Even thoug...

To study changes in glottic movements associated with pulmonary functional abnormalities, we measured changes in glottic resistance (Rgl) during quiet tidal breathing in normal subjects (N), patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Changes in Rgl were measured with a non-invasive method using low frequency sound. Changes i...

We investigate the space requirements for summaries needed for maintaining exact answers to aggregate queries over histories of relational databases. We show that, in general, a super-logarithmic lower bound (in the length of the history) on space needed to maintain a summary of the history in order to be able to maintain answers to counting queries. We also develop a natural restriction on the...

Data expiration is an essential component of data warehousing solutions: whenever large amounts of data are repeatedly collected over a period of time, it is essential to have a clear approach to identifying parts of the data no-longer needed and a policy that allows disposing and/or archiving these parts of the data. Such policies are necessary even if adding storage to accommodate an evergrow...

ABSTRACT We investigate whether firms manage stock prices in anticipation of share issuance. Warrant exercise results issuance and warrant expiration dates are fixed years advance, which precludes market timing. predict to prevent (induce) when is dilutive (anti-dilutive) existing shareholders. To test our prediction, we examine returns around dates. find that the difference between out-of-the-...