Coal is one of the largest sources of energy production in the world accounting in 2006 for about 25% of the world’s primary energy supply, that amounts to almost with a worldwide consumption of 3,090 million tons of oil equivalent. Fly ash (FA), is a residue of coal combustion consisted of amorphous ferro-alumino silicate minerals with a matrix very similar to soil. Its elemental composition i...

Biomarkers associated with heterogeneity in subject responses to treatment hold potential for treatment selection. In practice, the decision regarding whether to adopt a treatment-selection marker depends on the effect of using the marker on the rate of targeted disease and on the cost associated with treatment. We propose an expected benefit measure that incorporates both effects to quantify a...

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A growing number of firms are competitively entering into e-Business because they see the high potential of e-Business growth as an opportunity. The positive expectation of the e-Business market leads most firms to go into e-Business, but it is not clear what kinds of benefits firms gain through e-Business. In this paper, we examine whether firms’ economic benefits are related to e-Business act...