Aim: To examine the association of distance-near disparity with neurological disease in children with intermittent exotropia. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of the medical records of all children with intermittent exotropia examined at the Arkansas Children’s Hospital between 1989 and 2002. The study group consisted of children with intermittent exotropia who had a near deviati...

purpose : to evaluate the role of orthoptic treatments in the management of intermittent exotropia methods : in a retrospective study, clinical records of patients diagnosed with intermittent exotropia were reviewed. patients with basic, convergence insufficiency (ci) and divergence excess (de) types of intermittent exotropia who underwent orthoptic treatments were enrolled. office treatments i...

PURPOSE To evaluate motor and sensory outcomes of 3 or 4 horizontal muscles surgery for the treatment of large-angle exotropia and to evaluate factors influencing the success rate and the relationship between initial postoperative and final motor outcomes. DESIGN A retrospective analytical study. METHODS Medical records of patients with primary large-angle exotropia [>50 prism diopters (PD)...

purpose: to compare bilateral medial rectus advancement (bmra) and bilateral lateral rectus recession (blrr) for treatment of consecutive exotropia in terms of final alignment. method: this randomized clinical trial was performed on 14 patients with consecutive exotropia. inclusion criteria included history of bilateral medial rectus recession, exotropia ³20 pd and far-near difference <10 pd. e...

Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is the most common form of childhood exotropia 2 with an incidence of 32.1 per 100,000 in children under 19 years of age. The strabismus is characterized by an exodeviation of one eye that is interspersed with periods of ocular alignment. Reliable measurement of the deviation is often hindered by the variable nature of the strabismus, and without careful observation...

We report two cases of mirror image anomalies in two different pairs of monozygotic twins. In case 1, the twins exhibited mirroring of strabismus and refractive errors. Twin 1 had 35 prism diopters (PD) right intermittent exotropia at distant fixation and myopic anisometropia that was spherical 2.00 diopters more myopic in the right eye. Twin 2 had 35 PD left intermittent exotropia at distant f...

Binocularity was assessed in children who developed large, constant esotropia following bilateral lateral rectus recessions for intermittent exotropia. Nine such patients were identified who warranted medical rectus recession. Seven were finally aligned within 6 prism dioptres after secondary surgery. Stereopsis measured 50 seconds or better in six of these patients and 200 seconds of arc in th...

BACKGROUND Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is an exodeviation intermittently controlled by fusional mechanisms. Patients with IXT may present with asthenopic symptoms, blurred vision, headaches, diplopia or visual confusion and reading difficulties; especially after prolonged periods of near work. OBJECTIVE To report the presentation and management of a young adult with intractable accommodative...

To identify preoperative factors which influence the effectiveness of strabismus surgery in adults, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 179 patients > 15 years old (131 with exotropia, 48 with esotropia) who had had combined recession and resection surgery for correction of horizontal strabismus. Eighteen preoperative variables were evaluated; those with significant influence on the surg...

PURPOSE To report masked superior oblique muscle tightness as a possible mechanism causing A-pattern exotropia with intorsion after inferior rectus muscle recession in the context of thyroid eye disease. METHODS Three patients with thyroid eye disease and involvement of the superior oblique muscle are presented, along with a fourth comparison case without superior oblique muscle involvement. ...