according to cheng (1999), in recent esl/efl literature, asian (especially east asian) learners of english as a foreign/second language have been arguably reported as reticent and passive learners. the most common allegations are that these students are reluctant to participate in classroom discourse; they are unwilling to give responses; they do not ask questions; and they are passive and over...

nowadays in trade and economic issues, prediction is proposed as the most important branch of science. existence of effective variables, caused various sectors of the economic and business executives to prefer having mechanisms which can be used in their decisions. in recent years, several advances have led to various challenges in the science of forecasting. economical managers in various fi...

apart from other aspects, desert is a natural environment and is one of the appealing terrestrial elements. putting its symbolic and fictional senses aside, the term “desert” bears mystic sense more than material sense. in addition to the worlds materialistic experiences, desert has attracted the attention of writers because it creates a kind of inner experience, which returns the individual in...

چکیده : نظریه ی شیوه ی تولید آسیایی ، اولین بار توسط مارکس و سپس در تأیید نظریات او ، در آثار انگلس مطرح شد . این نظریه علاوه بر شیوه تولید ، به بحث درباره ی ماهیت دولت در جوامع آسیایی می پردازد . در این پژوهش ، وجه تولید آسیایی و نظریات پیرامون آن در توسعه نیافتگی ایران ، مورد بحث و بررسی قرار می گیرند . مهمترین نظ the asian production theory was first introduced by marx and then was suppo...

according to webster and wind (1972) and anderson et al (1987), “organizational buying is a complex process and involves many people from different functional areas, multiple goals and potentially conflicting decision criteria. moreover, the customers of today are also more knowledgeable and selective when making their purchasing decisions. since a key to organizational survival is the retentio...

1. to determine whether difference in birth body mass influenced growth performance in pipistrellus kuhlii we studied a total of 12 captive-born neonates. bats were assigned to two body mass groups: light birth body mass (lbw: 0.89 ± 0.05, n=8) and heavy birth body mass (hbw: 1.35 ± 0.08, n=4). heavier body mass at birth was associated with rapid postnatal growth (body mass and forearm length) ...

هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی تاثیر نشانه های فرا گفتمان متنی بر فهم متون انگلیسی به وسیله ی زبان اموزان فارسی زبان است.این تحقیق علاوه بر این کوشیده است تا میزان اگاهی این زبان اموزان و نحوه ی تعامل انان را با متون خوانده شده در زبان انگلیسی به وسیله ی پرسش نامه ی تهیه شده بررسی کند.بر اساس محتوای یک متن انگلیسی یازده سوال درست /غلط طرح گردید و یک مرتبه با ان متن و یک مرتبه با نسخه ای که نشانه ها...

the present study was an attempt to compare the effect of peer metalinguistic corrective feedback on elementary and intermediate efl learners speaking ability to see which level benefits more from this type of feedback. to this end, 117 female efl learners at grade 3, al-zahra high school in kermanshah, iran were non-randomly chosen. the homogeneity of the participants was attained through a pi...

having conducted the experiment and analysed the data, the researcher computed the groups mean scores and variances for the test relating to the research question. as the final atep, a t-test was conodonted for the hypothesis. as noted earlier, the significance level was determined at .05 and .01 respectively. the observed t-value was higher than the critical t-value at. 5 and .01 levels. conse...

abstract: in the paper of black and scholes (1973) a closed form solution for the price of a european option is derived . as extension to the black and scholes model with constant volatility, option pricing model with time varying volatility have been suggested within the frame work of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (garch) . these processes can explain a number of em...