The failure of closure of the neural tube during development leads to malformations called neural tube defects (NTDs). The most common neural malformations in humans include anencephaly, encephalocele, exencephaly, craniorachischisis spina bifida with or without myelomeningocele, lipomyeloschisis, lipomyelomeningocele, meningocele and myelocystocele. Current preventive strategies are mainly bas...

The failure of closure of the neural tube during development leads to malformations called neural tube defects (NTDs). The most common neural malformations in humans include anencephaly, encephalocele, exencephaly, craniorachischisis spina bifida with or without myelomeningocele, lipomyeloschisis, lipomyelomeningocele, meningocele and myelocystocele. Current preventive strategies are mainly bas...

This chapter addresses the gross pathology and imaging of anencephaly, exencephaly and cephaloceles, and includes the clinical , epidemiologic, and pathologic features that have helped the authors to understand these conditions and to contribute meaningfully to their diagnosis and management. This paper specifically excludes the fronto-ethmoidal (sincipital) cephaloceles, the related nasal glio...

The failure of closure of the neural tube during development leads to malformations called neural tube defects (NTDs). The most common neural malformations in humans include anencephaly, encephalocele, exencephaly, craniorachischisis spina bifida with or without myelomeningocele, lipomyeloschisis, lipomyelomeningocele, meningocele and myelocystocele. Current preventive strategies are mainly bas...

Acrania is a rare foetal anomaly in which the calvaria absent, and meninges come into direct contact with amniotic fluid. most common acrania – exencephaly anencephaly spectrum, anincidence of 3.68 to 5.4 per 10,000 live births. We present case primigravida who presented for an ultrasound on account vaginal bleeding early cyesis. Transabdominal showed viable foetus at 13 weeks without calvaria,...

The curly tail mouse provides a model for neural tube defects (spina bifida and exencephaly) that are resistant to prevention by folic acid. The major ct gene, responsible for spina bifida, corresponds to a hypomorphic allele of grainyhead-like 3 (Grhl3) but the frequency of NTDs is strongly influenced by modifiers in the genetic background. Moreover, exencephaly in the curly tail strain is not...