Nitrogenous excretion by the terrestrial anomuran crab Birgus latro L. was examined. The main excretory product was uric acid, representing 79-5 % of total excretory nitrogen. It was eliminated as white faeces separate from undigested food material and made up 82-6% of excretory faecal nitrogen. The faeces were the principal route of nitrogenous excretion, accounting for 96-2% of total excretio...

histological and histochemical studies on the pancreas of goose (anser albifrons) were carried out using special staining and light microscope. the pancreas in goose is serous tubuloacinar gland having exocrine and endocrine part. smooth muscle fibres were absent in capsule of pancreas. acinar cells have bizonal shape. intralobular ducts, interlobular and main excretory ducts were present withi...

Insects have a slowly operating excretory system in which the passive rate of movement of haemolymph solutes into a slowly secreted primary excretory fluid is restricted by a reduction in the area available for passive transfer. They may have come to possess such an energy-saving system as a result of their evolution as small animals in osmotically and ionically stressful environments. Although...

Excretory-secretory products of Toxocara canis larvae have been considered as a major functional antigen in immune responses against toxocariasis. We studied ultrastructural localization of T. canis second-stage larval antigen using a seropositive human serum under immunogold electron microscopy. High-density gold particles were observed in the secretory cells, excretory duct, intestinal epithe...

background : ascaridia galli , the largest nematode of small intestine of birds, especially the native poultry, may give rise to serious illness, pathological defects and economical losses even in modern poultry production systems. although various measures have been undertaken to vaccinate poultry against a.galli , no satisfactory results were obtained so far. however, there is no report on th...

background: to evaluate the immunological properties of leishmania major excreted- secreted (e-s) products on the progress of leishmaniasis in susceptible balb/c mice. methods: promastigotes of the leishmania major were cultured and e-s products were collected during the culture preiod. groups of balb/c mice (n= 12) were immunized with e-s products or whole antigen. animals were challenged with...

Aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androgen to estrogen. Expression of P450arom in extra-gonadal sites and locally-synthesized estrogen play an important role in physiological conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular immunolocalization of androgen receptor (AR), P450arom, estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) and estrogen rece...

The c-ret gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed in the Wolffian duct and ureteric bud of the developing excretory system. Newborn mice homozygous for a mutation in c-ret displayed renal agenesis or severe hypodysplasia, suggesting a critical role for this gene in metanephric kidney development. To investigate the embryological basis of these defects, we characterized the ear...