This study investigates the effects of  macroeconomic variables and their role in development of foreign exchange market. The foreign exchange market is the mechanism by which a person of firm transfers purchasing power form one country to another, obtains or provides credit for international trade transactions, and minimizes exposure to foreign exchange risk. The foreign exchange transaction i...

This study investigates the effects of  macroeconomic variables and their role in development of foreign exchange market. The foreign exchange market is the mechanism by which a person of firm transfers purchasing power form one country to another, obtains or provides credit for international trade transactions, and minimizes exposure to foreign exchange risk. The foreign exchange transaction i...

real exchange rate is one of the most important macroeconomic variables which affects various economic sectors. as the effect of real exchange rate variation is not equal in different sectors and due to importance of industrial development in economic development of country, this paper have investigated the effect of real exchange rate changes on  8 manufacturing subsectors over the period 1353...

in a managed floating exchange rate regime, one of the most important issues is the degree to which the monetary authorities intervene in the foreign exchange market.  the appropriate level of intervention in the foreign exchange market can be discussed in a framework which emphasizes the trade-off between changes in the country’s level of international reserves and minimizes the country’s real...

comments on earlier versions of the study. I have also benefited greatly from participating in the trade talks between OECD and Vietnam in early May 1997, and I would like to thank Jack Martens of OECD's Trade Directorate for providing this valuable opportunity to learn more about the making of trade policy. However, I am personally responsible for the views and opinions presented below, as wel...

The practices of newly emerging economies are evaluated on the basis two indicators international integration: attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) and pace trade growth. Based these criteria, it must be acknowledged that Vietnam’s economy is deeply integrated into economic community. Currently, Vietnam has implemented 17 free agreements (FTAs) linked to aforementioned important macroecon...

In a managed floating exchange rate regime, one of the most important issues is the degree to which the monetary authorities intervene in the foreign exchange market.  The appropriate level of intervention in the foreign exchange market can be discussed in a framework which emphasizes the trade-off between changes in the country’s level of international reserves and minimizes the country’s real...

The paper investigates the impact of EMU on foreign direct investment flows. Using the option value approach to investment decisions, it is possible to show how exchange rate uncertainty hinders cross-border investment flows. By permanently fixing bilateral exchange rates, a currency union can then be expected to spur international investment. Results from a gravity model on a sample of OECD co...

In counterpoint to export growth, Bangladesh import growth has remained much less strong, despite impressive progress in import liberalization. This study gives an overview of different methodologies related to gravity model analysis in Bangladesh’s import flow. A pooled cross section and time series data were analyzed to incorporate the country specific heterogeneity in country pair trading pa...

Since China has been Iran's most important trading partner in recent years, the present study has attempted to investigate the effect of bilateral real exchange rate fluctuations on the trade relationship between Iran and China during the period 1992-2017. To investigate this relationship, the business data in the export and import sectors were divided into 15 major commodity segments, and the ...