The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. A...

Although emerging market Asian economies have experienced high growth without crises for close to a decade, many commentators find the large buildup of foreign exchange reserves among these economies both puzzling and evidence of incipient global imbalances. This paper reviews some of the experience of Asian countries over the last decade. We focus on the degree to which Asian economies have ex...

Companies that issue bonds have an obligation to pay interest regularly according a predetermined period of time and the principal at maturity. This study aims determine analyze effect profitability on bond ratings in non-financial companies listed IDX for 2018-2021 period. The analytical method used this is quantitative analysis using Microsoft Excel 2016 software SPSS (Statistical Package Soc...

The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. I...

This paper proposes a method by which estimates of hypothetical willingness to pay for public goods with passive-use value can be compared with actual willingness to pay inferred from aggregate voting and tax liability data. Acknowledgements We are grateful to Robert Deacon and Peter Moser for helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript, and Ulrich Woitek for valuable discussion. FS ...

Collaborative economy platforms now play a fundamental role in the development of digital commercial relations and with birth this model exchange, series legal questions have arisen that national international legislators preferred to approach cautiously. This paper examines debate surrounding liability intermediaries through an analysis Law on Information Society Services dichotomy between int...

A final report submitted to the Infrastructure Technology Institute DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information excha...

A final report submitted to the Infrastructure Technology Institute for TEA-21 funded projects designated A487, W420, and A212 DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein. This Document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation University of Transporta...

The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. R...

i DISCLAIMER AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability fo...