We estimate the impact of container revolution on new trade in temperature‐sensitive products. Our identification strategy is justified by a historical narrative suggesting that containerization bilateral trading routes was exogenous to occurrence products because their small volumes made them inconsequential for adoption technology. Employing product‐level data containerizability, our benchmar...

to be sure, that a program behaves correctly at runtime; the behavior of the program should be verified. where the program source code is available, it is possible to extract the operational logic (i.e., behavior) of the program. but in this paper, programs are considered as black boxes, so no information is available about the operational logic of programs. however, some efforts are spent to l...

Today’s economy is a service economy, and an increasing number of services is electronic, i.e. can be ordered and provisioned online. Examples include Internet access, email and Voice over IP. Typically, e-services are offered as bundles consisting of more elementary services, offered by different suppliers, forming a network. This allows for best-of-breed solutions, in which the customer selec...

This Case Study investigates the need of independent booksellers to transfer some of their existing business on-line in order to meet customer demands and competitive pressure. The growth of eCommerce has had an impact on rurally located independent booksellers who can no longer rely on the loyalty of their customer to travel to them which has had a subsequent effect on the sustainability of th...

The purpose of the paper is to find a new approach to measure 3D green biomass of urban forest and to testify its precision. In this study, the 3D green biomass could be acquired on basis of a remote sensing inversion model in which each standing wood was first scanned by Terrestrial Laser Scanner to catch its point cloud data, then the point cloud picture was opened in a digital mapping data a...

In this paper we align business with IT in a networked setting while introducing innovative e-customs procedures worldwide. We perform the alignment process in a multi-perspective way, guided by concerns of upscale. Scalability is mostly a technical concept and concern. As we show, however, scaling issues are often initiated by business, e.g. by the increase the number of consumers, or by the e...