A proper understanding of factors affecting evaporation and drift losses in sprinkle irrigation is important for developing water conservation strategies. For estimating drift and evaporation losses during the set sprinkler irrigation event, several outdoor single-sprinkler and block irrigation tests have been conducted. Various sprinkler±nozzle±riser height combinations were used and the varia...

Use of the double ring infiltrometer to measure soil water infiltration in center pivot irrigation systems isn’t an accurate approach because the real conditions of infiltration under center pivot sprinklers is different from what happens in the double ring. In this study the infiltration parameters were evaluated in real conditions of a center pivot system. For this purpose a single ring...

reduce the amount of water used, resulting in savings Low-pressure sprinkler irrigation systems have the potential to of both water and energy. save energy, but also may aggravate soiland water-management Center-pivot systems with high pressure nozzles reproblems. The objective of this research was to determine the influquire relatively large amounts of energy to develop ence of center-pivot sp...

Center pivots are the primary method of irrigation across the U.S. Great Plains. Center-pivot irrigation is also the fastest growing method of irrigation in the U.S. and around the world. Pivots have the potential to be very efficient and uniform if sprinkler devices are properly selected for local field conditions. New water application devices provide for selection that minimizes runoff and c...

Sprinkler irrigation is a common farming practice in those states where the semi-arid climate and lack of sufficient rainfall during critical growing periods necessitate the use of supplemental water. The source of most irrigation water is groundwater which can be contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Since the groundwater may be the primary or only source of drinking water for a...

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of treated wastewater on soil chemical and physical properties. Field experiment was conducted in Borkhar region in Isfahan province in central Iran with two water treatments of wastewater and groundwater under sprinkler and surface irrigation systems for three crops of sugar beet, corn and sunflower. Soil samples were collected to 120 cm dep...

the importance of groundwater as a source of water supply in arid, semi –arid areas in recent years due to the uncontrolled exploitation of groundwater have been doubled. uncontrolled exploitation has been caused a drop in the water table in many areas of the country, including this region. with replace methods of modern irrigation instead of traditional irrigation methods can prevent drop the ...

Distributed irrigation systems are those in which the water access (via pump or human power), distribution (via furrow, watering can, sprinkler, drip lines, etc.), and use all occur at or near the same location. Distributed systems are typically privately owned and managed by individuals or groups, in contrast to centralized irrigation systems, which tend to be publicly operated and involve lar...

according to the irrigation systems design standards, allowed pressure variation in lateral pipes is 20 percent. reasons for this rate selection, which since the 60's is performed, are not known. the increased changes in allowed pressure tubes to lateral pipes design, the increased sprinkling system required pressure and the increased nonuniform sprinkler distribution, so energy supply cos...