The most spectacular example of a plate convergence event on Earth is the motion of the Indian plate towards Eurasia at speeds in excess of 18 cmyr−1 (ref. 1), and the subsequent collision. Continental buoyancy usually stalls subduction shortly after collision, as is seen in most sections of the Alpine–Himalayan chain. However, in the Indian section of this chain, plate velocities were merely r...

in this paper, the propagation of the waves in the laminated composite plates which is subjected to low velocity impact is investigated using the finite element method. a rigid metallic projectile with spherical nose is considered and the impact of this projectile with laminated composite is studied in this study. considering a finite element model the governing equations of the problem is disc...

Plate reconstruction studies show that the Neotethys Ocean was closing due to convergence of Africa and Eurasia toward end Cretaceous. The period around 75 Ma reflects onset continental collision between two plates as continued be taken up mostly by subduction slab beneath Eurasia. Owen transform plate boundary in northeast accommodated fast northward motion Indian relative African plate. rest ...

India–Somalia and North America–Eurasia relative motions since Early Miocene ( 20 Ma) have been recently reconstructed at unprecedented temporal resolution (o1 Myr) from magnetic surveys of the Carlsberg and northern Mid-Atlantic Ridges. These new datasets revamped interest in the convergence of India relative to Eurasia, which is obtained from the India–Somalia–Nubia–North America–Eurasia kine...

An analysis is made of viscoelastic lithosphere/asthenosphere coupling in the time-dependent redistribution of stress along plate boundaries or other seismic lineaments following great earthquakes. The study is based on a generalization by Rice of Elsasser's model of stress-diffusion, i which general elastic plane stress deformations are allowed in lithospheric plates which are coupled in an el...

this study presents the nannostratigraphy and nannofossil events in the lower boundary of kalat formation in the east and west of the kopeh- dagh basin. the kalat formation comprises of coarse grained detritus limestone with subordinate sandstone intercalations. in the current study, six sections have been chosen in the east and west of the basin which are as follow: dobaradar section, kalat se...

Synthesis of regional plate movements reveals a major reorganization of global plate motion from Mesozoic to Cenozoic patterns that occurred primarily during the Eocene epoch (53.5 to 37.5 m.y.B.P.). The reorganization involved reorientation of relative plate motions with large N-S components into large E-W components, continuation of pre-existing E-W sea floor spreading, initiation of new E-W ...

The methodology for building deforming regions into global plate reconstructions builds on the continuously closing plates framework described by Gurnis et al. (2012). Plates are defined within the open-source software GPlates (Boyden et al., 2011) by building polygons from a series of lines defining plate boundaries. The lines can move independently, so that the geometry of plate polygons cont...