introduction: estrogen and progesterone are supposed to modify pain sensitivity. however, the actual role of each of these steroid hormones in this respect is not well known. plasma concentrations of these hormones show variation during estrous cycle. the role of alpha2 receptors in tonic pain has been pointed out. the aim of the present study was to investigate the agonist and antagonist effec...

Physiological principals underlying synchronization of estrus identified 1) hormones naturally controlling the estrous cycle of cattle, 2) hormones commercially available, 3) mode of action of the hormones commercially available, and 4) when/how they might be used to manage estrus and breeding of beef cattle. The products available are progestogens (melengestrol acetate (MGA) and progesterone d...

Regulation of estrus in the ewe with prostaglandin or progestogen causes death of sperm in the cervix and inhibits sperm transport through the cervix at the regulated estrus. Because removal of the corpus luteum (CL) alters the estrous cycle, experiments were conducted to determine the effect of removing the CLbearing ovary on sperm survival and transport in the cervix at the ensuing estrus. In...

Our objective was to characterize immune parameters in susceptible (SM) and resistant (RM) mares, with and without artificial insemination (AI) and immunomodulation. Eight RM and eight SM were selected based on their reproductive history and functional tests. Both groups of mares were evaluated during three consecutive cycles: Cycle 1, untreated cycle (control); Cycle 2, AI with dead semen; Cyc...

Rats display strong behavioral rhythms during the ovarian cycle. During estrus, food intake is minimal due to a decrease in meal size, and locomotor activity is maximal. To investigate how activity influences feeding patterns across the ovarian cycle, we used a computerized system to monitor spontaneous meal patterns in intact, cycling female rats with and without access to running wheels. We f...

During rat estrous cycle, the endometrium proliferates in response to sex steroids and specific endometrial epithelial cells undergo apoptosis in absence of embryonic factors. The central executioner of apoptosis is a family of aspartic acid-specific cysteine proteases known as caspases. Smac/DIABLO is released from the mitochondria during apoptosis and its stimulation promotes caspases activat...

Aim: The present research work was carried to study the estrus response and conception rate in lactating Ongole cows consequence to double injection of prostaglandin. Material and Methods: Estrus synchronization was performed by double injection of PGF2α (Lutalyse, 5ml/cow) in purposively selected 22 lactating Ongole cows. The 1st injection was administered on 60 days post partum (day 0) follow...