background prematurity is an issue related to increasing the neonatal morbidity and mortality and smoking pregnant women cause the risk of low birth weight and prematurity increase, compared to non-smoking ones. results of all 205 women, 43 (20.97%) women exposed to shs during pregnancy and 162 (79.02%) women did not. in shs exposure group, 11 infant (25.6%) and in non- shs exposure group, 17 i...

OBJECTIVE During the past decade, several researchers have demonstrated a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in relation to lower birth weight. This theory, referred to as the "thrifty phenotype" hypothesis, postulates that impaired fetal growth predisposes individuals to the development of diabetes and other metabolic abnormalities. This article examines the importance of fetal growth in the etiol...

considering the fact that early hypocalcemia is the most common type of neonatal hypocalcemia which manifests during the first few days of iife (72 hours) and that hypocalcemia in low birth weight neonates is very common, this descriptive study on hypocalcemia was conducted to determine the frequency of hypocalcemia in low birth weight neonates in the city of kashan in the first 9 months of the...

introduction: like other measures of human development, dental development is not in complete accordance to chronological age. investigations show that dental age can be affected by gender, race, systemic conditions, and some other factors and consequently, be different in people of the same chronological age. a correct estimation of dental age and its development in children is of great import...

OBJECTIVE To test whether Schild's sex-specific formula for estimating fetal weight is more accurate than commonly used regression formulae. METHODS The gender-specific formula and 10 widely used equations were evaluated in a group of 989 pregnancies. Each fetus underwent ultrasound examination with complete biometric parameters within 7 days before delivery. RESULTS Over the whole weight r...

This study uses hospital records for 7,000 births in McLennan County, Texas, during the period June 1987-July 1989 to examine the association between prenatal care and birth outcome and the implications for hospital costs of newborn infants. After controlling for a variety of maternal and birth factors, a significant relationship between prenatal care and birth outcome remained. Females who fai...

background: maternal nutrition during pregnancy affects the birth weight of neonates. some of the undesirable pregnancy outcomes are linked to lower birth weights. this study aimed to assess the relationship between maternal dietary patterns, weight gain during pregnancy and nitric oxide (no), as an endothelial relaxing factor, and the possible effects on birth weight.materials and methods: at ...

background: although several studies have investigated the association between maternal exposure to air pollution and preterm birth, the results are inconsistent. the aim of this study was to further investigate the relation between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight (lbw) in an iranian pregnant population. materials an...

OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that birth weight for gestational age and weight gain in early childhood have a long term association with psychological distress in adults. DESIGN Longitudinal study of 1958 birth cohort followed to age 42 years. SETTING Population based birth cohort study. PARTICIPANTS 9731 cohort members with valid perinatal, postnatal, and adult data. MAIN OUTCOME M...