The sessile nature of plants demands the development of seed-dispersal mechanisms to establish new growing loci. Dispersal strategies of many species involve drying of the dispersal unit, which induces directed contraction and movement based on changing environmental humidity. The majority of researched hygroscopic dispersal mechanisms are based on a bilayered structure. Here, we investigate th...

negatively affected by disturbance. meadow barley (Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski) (Hickman 1993). Purple needlegrass, blue wildrye, bluegrass and California melic are droughttolerant species that typically occupy well-drained upland sites. In contrast, creeping wildrye and meadow barley are less drought-tolerant and typically grow in the moist soils of seeps, streams and wetland margins (Walker...

The Cladosporium herbarum complex comprises five species for which Davidiella teleomorphs are known. Cladosporium herbarum s. str. (D. tassiana), C. macrocarpum (D. macrocarpa) and C. bruhnei (D. allicina) are distinguishable by having conidia of different width, and by teleomorph characters. Davidiella variabile is introduced as teleomorph of C. variabile, a homothallic species occurring on Sp...

President Sudhir Kumar called the council meeting to order at 9:00 am, Sunday, July 7, 2013. In attendance were President Sudhir Kumar, Past-President Charles Aquadro, PresidentElect Brandon Gaut, Councilors Soojin Yi, Laurent Duret, Yoko Satta, Harmit Malik, Marta Wayne, Secretary James McInerney, online via Internet video link Treasurer Aoife McLysaght, and MBE Editor-in-Chief Bill Martin. In...

The Mediterranean coastline is a dynamic and complex system which owes its complexity to its past and present vicissitudes, e.g. complex tectonic history, climatic fluctuations, and prolonged coexistence with human activities. A plant species that is widespread in this habitat is the sea daffodil, Pancratium maritimum (Amaryllidaceae), which is a perennial clonal geophyte of the coastal sands o...