estrogen (e2) has neuroprotective effects on blood-brain-barrier (bbb) after traumatic brain injury (tbi). in order to investigate the roles of estrogen receptors (ers) in these kind of effects, er-α antagonist (mpp) and, er-β antagonist (phtpp), or non-selective estrogen receptors antagonist (ici 182780) were administered as regulators of cns cytokines levels and neuroinflammation after tbi. m...

magnetic force microscope ( mfm ) is a powerful technique for mapping the magnetic force gradient above the sample surface. herein, single-wall carbon nanotubes (swcnt) were used to fabricate mfm probe by dielectrophoresis method which is a reproducible and cost-effective technique. the effect of induced voltage on the deposition manner of carbon nanotubes (cnt) on the atomic force microscope (...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle for cellular metabolic homeostasis including folding and maturation of secretory and membrane proteins. Disruption of ER proteostasis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. The ER redox state, which is an oxidative environment suitable for disulfide-bond formation, is e...

Much of the enzymic machinery required for the assembly of cell surface carbohydrates is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells. Structural information on these proteins is limited and the identity of the active polypeptide(s) is generally unknown. This paper describes the synthesis and characteristics of a photoaffinity reagent that can be used to identify and analyse me...

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) expression is increased by growth factors and is obligatory for progression through the cell cycle in a wide variety of cell types. In this study, a variant human ODC cDNA was identified, sequenced, and used to probe mRNA levels in human breast tumor cell lines and xenografts. ODC mRNA was elevated about 3-fold in estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) tumors (MDA-MB-231...

The pH sensor exploits the phenomenon of upconversion luminescence and is based on a hydrogel matrix containing (a) nanorods of the NaYF(4):Er,Yb type that can be excited with 980-nm laser light to give a green and red (dual) emission, and (b) a longwave absorbing pH probe that causes a pH-dependent inner filter effect.

Anemia can be induced by dietary iron deficiency, as well as by hemorrhagia. It may also be associated with changes in lipid metabolism. However, no global analysis detailing the consequences of iron deficiency in the liver has yet been conducted. Since the liver is a metabolically important organ and also a major iron-storing organ, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis to determ...

Protein folding homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) requires efficient protein thiol oxidation, but also relies on a parallel reductive process to edit disulfides during the maturation or degradation of secreted proteins. To critically examine the widely held assumption that reduced ER glutathione fuels disulfide reduction, we expressed a modified form of a cytosolic glutathione-degra...

Lipid droplets are found in most organisms where they serve to store energy in the form of neutral lipids. They are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane where the neutral-lipid-synthesizing enzymes are located. Recent results indicate that lipid droplets remain functionally connected to the ER membrane in yeast and mammalian cells to allow the exchange of both lipids and integral m...

Th e aging of Japan’s population has led to rising rates of circulatory organ disease in recent years. In the circulatory disease market, use of three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal probes has been increasing year aft er year as a way of improving communication between surgeons and physicians before and aft er surgery. Th e fi rst such device from a Japanese supplier* designed to be used with...