OBJECTIVE To document infrastructure, personnel, procedures performed, and supplies and equipment available at all county hospitals in Liberia using the World Health Organization Tool for Situational Analysis of Emergency and Essential Surgical Care. DESIGN Survey of county hospitals using the World Health Organization Tool for Situational Analysis of Emergency and Essential Surgical Care. ...

OBJECTIVES To quantify the main reasons for referral of infants and children from first-level health facilities to referral hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa and to determine what further supplies, equipment, and legal empowerment might be needed to manage such children when referral is difficult. METHODS In an observational study at first-level health facilities in Uganda, the United Republic ...

With the increasing prevalence of asthma in schools, as well as anaphylactic reactions to foods, insect stings, inhaled agents, and so on, combined with the increasing reliance on the school nurse for primary care, it is important to consider having oxygen as a part of a school’s emergency response. The NASN (2014a) position statement “Emergency Preparedness and Response in the School Setting—T...

We find that raw materials inventories in the manufacturing sector in the 1970s and 1980s and 1990s were two to five times higher in developing countries than in the United States, despite the fact than in most developing countries real interest rates are at least twice as high. Given the high costs of capital in most developing countries, the impact of those high inventory levels on the cost o...

This study uses survey data on several hundred automotive suppliers in North America to evaluate the determinants of inventory levels in high-volume discrete parts manufacturing. We assess the magnitude of raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods inventories, as well as production lot sizes and through-put times. Results are broadly consistent with the EOQ formula and related models o...