Antivenom neutralization against cobra venoms is generally low in potency, presumably due to poor toxin-specific immunoreactivity. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of two elapid antivenoms to neutralize the principal toxins purified from the venoms of the Thai monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia, Nk-T) and the Malaysian beaked sea snake (Hydrophis schistosus, Hs-M). In mice, N. kaout...

The neutralizing capacity of antivenom prepared against Thai cobra (Naja kaouthia) venom was compared in mice using the homologous venom and that of spitting cobra (Naja siamensis). The amounts of antivenoms neutralizing a dose of 4 LD50 of the test venom were determined. Four antivenom preparations were used: three purified antivenoms and a crude antivenom, which were made using N. kaouthia ve...

Title: Cross neutralization of Hypnale hypnale (hump-nosed pit viper) venom by polyvalent and monovalent Malayan pit viper antivenoms in vitro and in a rodent model of Hypnale hypnale (hump-nosed pit viper) venom by polyvalent and monovalent Malayan pit viper antivenoms in vitro and in a rodent model, This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a serv...

This paper presents the first study of F(ab')(2) scorpion antivenom pharmacokinetics in humans after intramuscular (im) administration. The specific anti-Centruroides scorpion antivenom was used in 6 human healthy volunteers. The fabotherapeutic was administered as a 47.5mg im bolus. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 , 90, 120, and 180 min, 6h and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 and 21 days af...

background: latrodectism, a syndrome caused by latrodectus genus, is one of the clinical problems that occur predominantly in north east of iran. nowadays antivenom therapy has become the most useful treatment for animal bites; however there is still a controversy about route and time of antivenom administration in spider bite. the aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of speci...

background hemolyis of red blood cells is a serious toxic effect commonly found among patients envenomed by hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion. objectives the aim of the present study was to evlaute the efficay of the avaible polyvalent antivneom in preventing this phenomena. materials and methods using a red blood cell fragility test, the anti-hemolytic effectiveness of a new antivenom serum again...

BACKGROUND Snake bite is one of the most neglected public health issues in poor rural communities worldwide. In addition to the clinical effects of envenoming, treatment with antivenom frequently causes serious adverse reactions, including hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis) and pyrogenic reactions. We aimed to investigate the immune responses to Sri Lankan snake envenoming (pred...

BACKGROUND Redback spiders (Latrodectus hasselti) (RBSs) are venomous spiders that have recently spread to Asia from Australia. Since the first case report in 1997 (Osaka), RBS bites have been a clinical and administrative issue in Japan; however, the clinical characteristics and effective treatment of RBS bites, particularly outside Australia remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the ...

OBJECTIVE Scorpion antivenom was recently approved for use in patients with clinically significant scorpion envenomation in the United States; no formal economic analysis on its impact on cost of management has been performed. METHODS Three different strategies of management of scorpion envenomation with systemic neurotoxic symptoms in children were compared for cost minimization from a socie...

BACKGROUND Latrodectism, a syndrome caused by Latrodectus genus, is one of the clinical problems that occur predominantly in north east of Iran. Nowadays antivenom therapy has become the most useful treatment for animal bites; however there is still a controversy about route and time of antivenom administration in spider bite. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of specif...