Natural killer (NK) cells have important functions in immunity. NK recognition in mammals can be mediated through killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and/or killer cell lectin-like Ly49 receptors. Genes encoding highly variable NK cell receptors (NKR) represent rapidly evolving genomic regions. No single conservative model of NKR genes was observed in mammals. Single-copy low polymo...

The sequence (16,829 nt) of the complete mitochondrial genome of the greater Indian rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis, was determined. Like other perissodactyls studied (horse and donkey) the rhinoceros demonstrates length variation (heteroplasmy) associated with different numbers of repetitive motifs in the control region. The 16,829-nt variety of the molecule includes 36 identical control regi...

remains of fossil herbivorous mammal from families like elephantidae, rhinocerotidae, giraffidae, bovidae and equidae have been studied systematically from a new fossiliferous horizon from the ilkhchi area in the southeastern high foothills of sahand. genera such as hipparion, gazella, samotherium, chilotherium and choerolophodon and some undetermined specimens are identified and reported. base...

Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei infected mainly the Equidae and it is really fatal zoonosis. It was known since ancient times. The horses, mules, donkeys can get infection skin abrasion, during direct contact between animals or with water instruments, also bacterium be found in soil. Since disease eradicated from most of developed world, endemic several countries surrounding Iraq other r...