The day-time eastward equatorial electric field (EEF) in the E-region plays an important role in equatorial ionospheric dynamics. It is responsible for driving the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) current system, equatorial vertical ion drifts, and the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Due to its importance, there is much interest in accurately measuring the EEF. However, there is a severe lack o...

background the mutations of lhbs in pre-s, especially in pre-s2, are definitive in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) associated with hbv. however, the mechanisms of the n-glycosylation modification in lhbs are unclear. the n-glycosylation modification of lhbs affects endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell proliferation and its secretion which was further studied. objectives the objectives of our studi...

Most coupled general circulation models (GCMs) perform poorly in the tropical Atlantic in terms of climatological seasonal cycle and interannual variability. The reasons for this poor performance are investigated in a suite of sensitivity experiments with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled GCM. The experiments show that a significant portion of the equatorial SST biases in...

A new theoretical mechanism is developed in which large-scale equatorial Kelvin waves can modify their speed through dispersion and interaction with other large-scale equatorial waves, such as Yanai or Rossby modes, through topographic resonance. This resonance mechanism can prevent the breaking of a propagating nonlinear Kelvin wave, slow down its speed, and concentrate most of its energy in l...

The response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean’s seasonal cycle to orbital forcing is explored using idealized simulations with a coupled atmosphere–ocean GCM in which eccentricity, obliquity, and the longitude of perihelion are altered while other boundary conditions are maintained at preindustrial levels. The importance of ocean dynamics in the climate response is investigated using additional ...

[1] The dynamics of abyssal equator-crossing flows are examined by studying simplified models of the flow in the equatorial region in the context of reduced-gravity shallow water theory. A simple ‘‘frictional geostrophic’’ model for one-layer cross-equatorial flow is described, in which geostrophy is replaced at the equator by frictional flow down the pressure gradient. This model is compared v...

[1] The causes of the glacial cycle remain unknown, although the primary driver is changes in atmospheric CO2, likely controlled by the biological pump and biogeochemical cycles. The two most important regions of the ocean for exchange of CO2 with the atmosphere are the equatorial Pacific and the Southern Ocean (SO), the former a net source and the latter a net sink under present conditions. Th...

The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) can shift meridionally on seasonal and longer time scales. Previous studies have shown that the latitude of the ITCZ is negatively correlated with cross-equatorial atmospheric energy transport. For example, the ITCZ shifts southward as theNorthernHemisphere cools and the northward cross-equatorial energy transport strengthens in response. It has remaine...

[1] The strong jet, with a speed between 500 and 600 m/s, is inferred in the equatorial region of Saturn by combining the nadir and limb observations of Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) aboard the Cassini spacecraft. A similar jet was discovered on Jupiter (F. M. Flasar et al., 2004a). These discoveries raise the possibility that intense jets are common in the equatorial stratospheres of ...

2 ABSTRACT Coupled general circulation model (GCM) simulations participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are analyzed with respect to their performance in the equatorial Atlantic. In terms of the mean state, 29 out of 33 models examined continue to suffer from serious biases including an annual mean zonal equatorial SST gradient whose sign is opposite to observa...