In the rat, some findings have been taken to suggest the existence of monosynaptic cortico-motoneuronal (CM) connections. Since this connection is believed to be largely responsible for the ability to make independent digit movements in primates and man, it has been inferred that the monosynaptic CM connection in the rat is likewise important for skilled prehension. Comparison of intraand extra...

1. In the unanesthetized spinal cord, conditioning stimulation of low-threshold afferents (below 1.3 times threshold strength) in the biceps semitendinosus (BST) nerve often reduced the peak amplitude of the monosynaptic Ia EPSPs evoked in gastrocnemius motoneurons without affecting the monosynaptic component of the EPSPs evoked by stimulation of the ipsilateral ventral funiculus (VF) in the th...

Debanne, Dominique, Beat H. Gähwiler, and Scott M. from 5to 7-day-old rat pups were dissected at 400 mm and attached to glass coverslips in clotted chicken plasma. The Thompson . Bidirectional associative plasticity of unitary CA3CA1 EPSPs in the rat hippocampus in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. coverslips were placed in individual sealed test tubes containing semisynthetic medium and maintained on a ...

Voltage-dependent amplification of ionotropic glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) can, in many vertebrate neurons, be due either to the intrinsic voltage dependence of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, or voltage-dependent persistent sodium channels expressed on postsynaptic dendrites or somata. In the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) of the gymnotiform fish Apte...

In the rat, some findings have been taken to suggest the existence of monosynaptic corticomotoneuronal (CM) connections. Because this connection is believed to be largely responsible for the ability to make independent digit movements in primates and man, it has been inferred that the monosynaptic CM connection in the rat is likewise important for skilled prehension. Comparison of intra- and ex...

The synaptic mechanisms underlying amino acid-mediated excitation in the lamprey spinal cord have been investigated. Fine stimulating electrodes were used to stimulate single axons in the spinal cord and evoke unitary EPSPs in lamprey motoneurons and one type of premotor interneuron, the CC interneuron. Three types of EPSP, distinguished by their time course and sensitivity to amino acid antago...

With the widespread use of Roundup Ready soya (event 40-3-2) (RRS), the traceability of transgenic components, especially protein residues, in different soya-related foodstuffs has become an important issue. In this report, transgenic components in commercial soya (including RRS) protein concentrates were firstly detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot. The results il...

5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) is a key enzyme in the shikimate pathway and is targeted by the wide-spectrum herbicide glyphosate. Here, we describe the use of a selection system based on directed evolution to select glyphosate-resistant mutants of EPSPS. Using this system, the rice (Oryza sativa) EPSPS gene, mutagenized by Error-Prone polymerase chain reaction, was introdu...

Evolution of glyphosate-resistant kochia is a threat to no-till wheat-fallow and glyphosate-resistant (GR) cropping systems of the US Great Plains. The EPSPS (5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene amplification confers glyphosate resistance in the tested Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad populations from Montana. Experiments were conducted in spring to fall 2014 (run 1) and summer 2014 t...

Coupling between pyramidal tract (PT) neurones and ipsilateral hindlimb motoneurones was investigated by recording from commissural interneurones interposed between them. Near maximal stimulation of either the left or right PT induced short latency EPSPs in more than 80% of 20 commissural interneurones that were monosynaptically excited by reticulospinal tract fibres in the medial longitudinal ...