Background Context. Products that can reduce development of epidural fibrosis may reduce risk for ongoing pain associated with development of scar tissue and make subsequent epidural reexploration easier. Purpose. To evaluate the use of dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (dHACM) on the formation of soft tissue scarring in the epidural space. Study Design. Case series. Patient Sample. Five...

BACKGROUND Epidural injections for managing chronic back pain are one of the most commonly performed interventions; however, controversy continues regarding the most effective method of epidural injections. A ventral distribution of epidural injected drug plays a significant role in its effectiveness. OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of a drug in the epidural space after parasagital an...

To my parents, my sister, and to my wife Epidural anaesthesia is a form of medication injected through patients back into the epidural space of the spine. It is most commonly administered during childbirth and for pain relief following lower body surgery. The procedure involves insertion of a Tuohy needle and a catheter is guided through it into the epidural space 1. Anaesthesiologists insert t...

Background & Aims: Epidural fibrosis (EF) is part of natural physiological tissue response to laminctomy and it may be an important cause of failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). There is still no effective medical or surgical therapy for EF. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that might play a role in postoperative EF. The objective of this st...

Spinal hematomas are a rare but serious complication of spinal epidural anesthesia and are typically seen in the epidural space; however, they have been documented in the subdural space. Spinal subdural hematomas likely exist within a traumatically induced space within the dural border cell layer, rather than an anatomical subdural space. Spinal subdural hematomas present a dangerous clinical s...

In current practice, the length of epidural catheter that should be left in the epidural space is not standardised for effective postoperative analgesia. This prospective, randomised, double-blinded study aimed to determine the most appropriate length of epidural catheter that should be inserted into the epidural space for postoperative analgesia. We recruited 102 women and assigned them into t...

Epidural neuroplasty is found to be effective in removing fibrous tissue occurring in the epidural space for various reasons. We report a case of cerebellar infarction caused by epidural abscess after epidural neuroplasty. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cerebellar infarction developed as a result of epidural abscess accompanying bacterial meningitis after epidural neu...

non of the intervertebral disc space, a gas-containing cyst in the epidural space is a rare disease entity. Intervertebral gas can migrate to the epidural space through ruptures in the annulus fibrosus, and it manifests as squeezed air in the herniated disc, as contained air in the pseudocyst that is without a larger amount of disc material, or as free air. There have been several reports about...

BACKGROUND Epidural needle insertion is traditionally a blind technique whose success depends on the experience of the operator. The authors describe a novel method using a fiber-needle-based swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) to identify epidural space. METHODS An optical fiber probe was placed into a hollow 18-gauge Tuohy needle. It was then inserted by an experienced anesthe...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the contralateral oblique (CLO) view and the lateral view for lumbar interlaminar epidural access. DESIGN After the epidural space was accessed, fluoroscopic images at eight different angles (antero-posterior view, multiple CLO, and lateral view) were prospectively obtained. Visualization and location of needle tip r...