Objective- To evaluate the effects of bupivacaine (B), ketamine (K), and a combination of bupivacaine and ketamine (BK) after lumbosacral epidural analgesia in sheep.   Design- Experimental study.   Animals- Nine healthy male and non-pregnant female Iranian Chall sheep with mean body weight of 38.9 ± 15.1 kg.   Procedures- Animals were selected randomly and three treatments administered. The ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To consider optimal analgesic strategies for thoracic surgical patients. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have consistently suggested analgesic equivalence between paravertebral and thoracic epidural analgesia. Complications appear to be significantly less common with paravertebral analgesia. SUMMARY There is good evidence that paravertebral block can provide acceptable pain...

BACKGROUND Thoracotomy induces severe postoperative pain and impairment of pulmonary function, and therefore regional analgesia has been intensively studied in this procedure. Thoracic epidural analgesia is commonly considered the "gold standard" in this setting; however, evaluation of the evidence is needed to assess the comparative benefits of alternative techniques, guide clinical practice a...

BACKGROUND This is a retrospective review of the medical records of 861 patients admitted for vaginal delivery. Patients were randomized to either epidural analgesia or other analgesic methods of pain relief for labor pains. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of epidural analgesia on the rate of cesarean section delivery. METHODS 861 patients were admitted to Saad Sp...

Mothers given an epidural rather than parenteral opioid labor analgesia report less pain and are more satisfied with their pain relief. Analgesic method does not affect fetal oxygenation, neonatal pH, or 5-minute Apgar scores; however, neonates whose mothers received parenteral opioids require naloxone and have low 1-minute Apgar scores more frequently than do neonates whose mothers received ep...

 Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of epidural versus entonox methods for labor analgesia in nulliparous women.  Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed on 84 nulliparous women with - pregnancy admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in 10 May 2010- 10 May 2011.  They were randomly divided into two groups 42 women inhaled entonox in active phase at the ...

background & aim: although most patients experience severe pain after major spinal fixation surgery, little attention has been paid to control it with a multi-modal approach. the aim of this study is to select appropriate method of pain management after spinal surgery. methods & materials/patients: this study was a randomized clinically controlled trial in candidates of spondylolisthesis and sp...

introduction: the aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of epidural versus entonox methods for labor analgesia in nulliparous women.  methods: this randomized controlled trial was performed on 84 nulliparous women with - pregnancy admitted to imam reza hospital in 10 may 2010- 10 may 2011.  they were randomly divided into two groups 42 women inhaled entonox in active phase at the beginni...

background and objective: epidural analgesia (ea) has been used to relieve labor pain in many obstetric units, yet controversy persists about its effect on progress and outcome in labor. the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of ea on the rate of cervical dilation and myometrial contractility. methods: in a 6-month period, 36 women who received standardized ea were matched ...

PURPOSE Total knee replacement is one of the most painful orthopedic procedures, and effective pain relief is essential for early mobility and discharge from hospital. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether addition of single-injection femoral nerve block to epidural analgesia would provide better postoperative pain control, compared to epidural analgesia alone, after total knee replacem...