Temporal envelope is the primary acoustic cue used in most cochlear implant (CI) speech processors to elicit speech perception for patients fitted with CI devices. Envelope compression narrows down envelope dynamic range and accordingly degrades speech understanding abilities of CI users, especially under challenging listening conditions (e.g., in noise). A new adaptive envelope compression (AE...

Assembly of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein on budding virus particles is important for efficient infection of target cells. In infected cells, lipid rafts have been proposed to form platforms for virus assembly and budding. Gag precursors partly associate with detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) that are believed to represent lipid rafts. The cytoplasmic ...

The use of stored envelope functions is common to many audio signal synthesis techniques. This table lookup method is Susceptible to audible defects in the synthesized output if care is not taken in the design of the synthesis algorithm, particularly when the rate at which values from the envelope table are accessed is to vary with time. A useful strategy is presented for altering the effective...

We construct a class of envelope surfaces in R, more precisely envelopes of balls. An envelopesurface is a closed C (tangent continuous) manifold wrapping tightly around the union of aset of balls. Such a manifold is useful in modeling since the union of a finite set of balls canapproximate any closed smooth manifold arbitrarily close.The theory of envelope surfaces generali...

The nuclear envelope is a subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we characterize CNEP-1 (CTD [C-terminal domain] nuclear envelope phosphatase-1), a nuclear envelope-enriched activator of the ER-associated phosphatidic acid phosphatase lipin that promotes synthesis of major membrane phospholipids over phosphatidylinositol (PI). CNEP-1 inhibition led to ectopic ER sheets in the vicinit...

We have developed a reliable procedure for the purification of envelope membranes from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) bud plastids and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) cell amyloplasts. After disruption of purified intact plastids, separation of envelope membranes was achieved by centrifugation on a linear sucrose gradient. A membrane fraction, having a density of 1.122 grams per cubic cen...

I study some aspects of common envelope evolution, where a compact star enters the envelope of a giant star. I show that in some binary systems under a narrow range of parameters, a substantial fraction of the giant stellar envelope is lost before the onset of the common envelope. The reduced envelope mass at the onset of the common envelope implies that the binary system emerges from the commo...

In Ochromonas danica and two related species (Chrysophyceae) and in Rhodomonas lens and Cryptomonas sp. (Cryptophyceae), the chloroplast is surrounded by an outer double-membraned envelope which lies outside the usual double-membraned chloroplast envelope. At the borders of the area where the chloroplast lies adjacent to the nucleus, this outer envelope is continuous with the outer membrane of ...

Human sound source localization relies on various acoustical cues one of the most important being the interaural time difference (ITD). ITD is best detected in the fine structure of low-frequency sounds but it may also contribute to spatial hearing at higher frequencies if extracted from the sound envelope. The human brain mechanisms related to this envelope ITD cue remain unexplored. Here, we ...