Failure to withdraw a catheter is related primarily to catheter entrapment or knotting. Placement of a Swan-Ganz catheter is associated with various complications, one of which is entrapment. Entrapment of a Swan-Ganz catheter in the heart, vena cava, or pulmonary artery is a very rare and serious complication that may lead to life-threatening complications if not treated appropriately. Most re...

STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study. PURPOSE The aim of present study was to investigate imaging findings suggestive of cauda equina entrapment in thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Burst fractures with cauda equina entrapment can cause neurologic deterioration during surgery. However, dural tears and cauda equina entrapment are very difficult to diagnose clinic...

Objective-To investigate whether "diseased nerves" are more prone to entrapment neuropathy than normal nerves. Nerve conduction studies of human neuropathies have shown that electrophysiological abnormalities are often most prominent at potential sites of nerve entrapment, and entrapments are more common in patients with radiculopathies-a concept designated as "double crush". As entrapment neur...

objective: amphotericin b (amb) is an ancient antifungal drug and proper for treatment of systemic fungal infection. unfortunately, this antibiotic has shown some side effects such as nephrotoxicity. therefore, recently new amb formulated has been prepared for reduced toxicity and increased effectiveness. materials and methods: amb nanocapsules prepared from polymers such as poly d, l-lactide-...

The purpose of this article is to review the anatomical features of the most common nerve entrapment sites of the brachial plexus and major peripheral nerves of the upper limb. In this account, the term "entrapment" is considered to be caused by compression, tension, or friction, or any combination of these factors. The anatomy, including important relationships of the brachial plexus, is revie...

To prepare lomustine-iohexol compound liposomes, and evaluate the properties, determine the entrapment efficiency. Liposomes were prepared by reverse evaporation method; orthogonal design was used to optimize the formulation. Free drugs and liposomes were separated using protamine aggregation method and entrapment efficiency was determined by HPLC. The optimal formula was as follows: soybean ph...