We study the role of energy conversion in phase regulation of frequency entrainment. For an open dynamical system that interacts with its environment, energy conversion in the system is the key to a wide variety of nonlinear phenomena including frequency entrainment. In this paper, using the standard notion of energy, we study the phenomena of frequency entrainment by periodic forces in two dif...

[1] The effect of cloud droplet sedimentation on the entrainment rate and liquid water path of a nocturnal nondrizzling stratocumulus layer is examined using largeeddy simulations (LES) with bulk microphysics. In agreement with a prior study by Ackerman et al. (2004), sedimentation is found to decrease entrainment rate and thereby increase liquid water path. They suggested this is due to reduct...

Both temporary access to a running wheel and temporary exposure to light systematically influence the phase producing entrainment of the circadian activity rhythm in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). However, precise determination of entrainment limits remains methodologically difficult, because such calculations may be influenced by varying experimental paradigms. In this study, effec...

[1] Entrainment processes in convective clouds often occur stochastically and entrainment rate estimates depend on the distance from the cloud from which the dry air is entrained. However, no observational studies exist on either the distance dependence or probability density function of entrainment rate, hindering understanding and the parameterization of convection. Here entrainment rate in c...

Recent experimental results of Bhat and Narasimha ~1996! have revealed a dramatic difference in the entrainment between jets and plumes subjected to off-source volumetric heating and their unheated counterparts. Experimental observations show that plumes entrain more rapidly than jets; the greater entrainment by the plume is typically attributed to the presence of buoyancy in the plume. In cont...

This study addresses the rolling and lifting probabilities for sediment entrainment by incorporating the probabilistic features of the turbulent fluctuation and bed grain geometry. The lognormally distributed instantaneous velocity and uniformly distributed initial grain position, along with a relation between lift coefficient and particle Reynolds number, are used to extend the theoretical for...

Oscillatory entrainment to the speech signal is important for language processing, but has not yet been studied in developmental disorders of language. Developmental dyslexia, a difficulty in acquiring efficient reading skills linked to difficulties with phonology (the sound structure of language), has been associated with behavioural entrainment deficits. It has been proposed that the phonolog...

A phenomenological model of air entrainment into combusting regions of axisymmetric fire plumes is developed and compared with some existing experimental entrainment data. The model considers engulfment of ambient air into a fire plume due to the action of the toroidal vortices that are formed periodically close to the source of an axisymmetric fire. It is shown that the diffusive entrainment r...

We studied the capacity of four "normal" and six lung transplant subjects to entrain neural respiratory activity to mechanical ventilation. Two transplant subjects were studied during wakefulness and demonstrated entrainment indistinguishable from that of normal awake subjects. We studied four normal subjects and four lung transplant subjects during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Normal s...