The syntax and semantic analyses of natural language are described from the standpoint of manmachine communication. The knowledge based system KAUS(Knowledge Acquisition and Utilization System) which has capabilities of deductive inference and automatic program generation of database access is utilized for that purpose. We try to perform syntax and semantic analyses of English sentences more or...

In this paper we explore a generative model for recovering surface syntax and strings from deep-syntactic tree structures. Deep analysis has been proposed for a number of language and speech processing tasks, such as machine translation and paraphrasing of speech transcripts. In an effort to validate one such formalism of deep syntax, the Praguian Tectogrammatical Representation (TR), we presen...

A proper treatment of syntax and semantics in machine translation is introduced and discussed from the empirical viewpoint. For EnglishJapanese machine translation, the syntax directed approach is effective where the Heuristic Parsing Model (HPM) and the Syntactic Role System play important roles. For Japanese-English translation, the semantics directed approach is powerful where the Conceptual...

Analysis of the source is essentially independent of the task of translation, and in fact the very same English grammar used in LMT is also used in an English data base query system. Analysis is based on a logic grammar formalism, Modular Logic Grammars (MLG’s) (McCord, 1985). MLG’s have clearly separated syntactic, lexical, and semantic components. Furthermore, syntactic structure building is ...

This paper describes a range of automatic and manual comparisons of phrase-based and syntax-based statistical machine translation methods applied to English-German and English-French translation of user-generated content. The syntax-based methods underperform the phrase-based models and the relaxation of syntactic constraints to broaden translation rule coverage means that these models do not n...

We present an approach to multilingual web content based on multilingual grammars and syntax editing for a controlled language. Content can be edited in any supported language and it is automatically kept within a controlled language fragment. We have implemented a web-based syntax editor for Grammatical Framework (GF) grammars which allows both direct abstract syntax tree manipulation and text...

ECONOMY, THE COPY THEORY, AND ANTECEDENT-CONTAINED DELETION Jason Merchant Northwestern University Chomsky, Noam. 1995. The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Cinque, Guglielmo. 1995. Italian syntax and Universal Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Culicover, Peter. 1976. Syntax. New York: Academic Press. Emonds, Joseph. 1978. The verbal complex Vʹ′-V in French. Lingui...

Some have proposed that speakers of classifier languages such as Mandarin or Japanese, which lack count-mass syntax, have to rely on classifiers for acquiring individuated meanings of nouns (e.g., Borer 2005; Lucy 1992). This paper examines this view by looking at how Mandarin adults interpret bare nouns and use classifier knowledge to guide quantification in three experiments. Experiment 1 fou...

OBJECTIVE Non-native listeners do not recognize English sentences as effectively as native listeners, especially in noise. It is not entirely clear to what extent such group differences arise from differences in relative weight of semantic versus syntactic cues. This study quantified the use and weighting of these contextual cues via Boothroyd and Nittrouer's j and k factors. The j represents t...