Urban railway systems are increasingly relying on information and communications technologies (ICT). This evolution makes cybersecurity an important concern, in addition to the traditional focus on reliability, availability, maintainability and safety. In this paper, we examine two examples of cyberintensive systems in urban railway environments—a communications-based train control system, and ...

The main challenge for any insurer/reinsurer has proved to be underwriting major refinery/Petrochemical risk. Insurers have already considered process risk management measures while accepting and evaluating the risks all over the world. Erstwhile petrochemical tariff was adopting experiencing methodology as basis for premium calculation in Iran. In the present de-tariff scenario decisions will ...

Purpose: The aim of the study is to know reasons for discontinuation engi-neering insurance in Iraqi companies, and how reactivate engineering project management benefits that bank loans can achieve Ira-qi companies. Theoretical framework: theoretical aspect included definition engineer-ing insurance, its origins types, concept characteristics man-agement their as well a statement role advantag...

introduction: neglecting to define important criteria in developing a basic health insurance package and to notice their real roles will result in defining a package which is politically unacceptable, non-economical, technically inefficient or mixed of them. therefore development of basic health insurance package should be according to appropriate composition of influential criteria. this study...

Security risk assessment identifies the threats to systems, while privacy risk assessment identifies data sensitivities in systems. The Security Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) method is used to identify software security issues in the early stages of the development lifecycle. We propose combining the existing security risk assessment techniques in SQAURE with the Privacy Impact Asse...

payment mechanism health insurance is a serious challenge for policy makers, access to health, continuing care, need to technology, huge expenses a considerable part of health funds is collected. therefore organizing and designing appropriate policies for organizing, financing, payment mechanism for providers and role of diagnostic related groups system. in this study, our main objective study ...

Insurance companies use conservative first order valuation bases to calculate insurance premiums and reserves. These valuation bases have a significant impact on the insurer’s solvency and on the premiums of the insurance products. Safety margins for systematic biometric and financial risk are in practice typically chosen as time-constant percentages on top of the best estimate transition inten...

To ensure legal compliance, requirements engineers need tools to validate existing requirements for compliance with relevant law. This paper proposes an approach to aid in validating software requirements for legal compliance. The approach employs a production rule model for the United States Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) that can be queried by requirements enginee...

this research explores the effective ways of sales promotion at liability insurance according to upgrade policies in tehran. the goal is development of planning strategic to help iran insurance industry.  first, we evaluate opinions and views of iran insurance company experts and iran insurance sales agents in tehran on sales promotion (also, priority of the promotion policies) of liability ins...

modern societies belief life insurance scheme, which is designed to be backbone of man survival, ensure financial security and offers readymade source of long term capital financing for the infrastructural project is capable of combating the besetting problem of man so that life can be made easy and continuous. the dramatic increase in competition within the insurance sector and the needs of in...