background: to enhance the dose to tumor, the use of high atomic number elements has been proposed. objective: the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticle distribution on dose enhancement in tumor when the tumor is irradiated by typical monoenergetic x-ray beams by considering homogeneous and inhomogeneous distributions of gold nanoparticles (gnps) in the tumor. meth...

background: gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agents for cancer therapy and are being investigated as drug carriers, photothermal agents, contrast agents and radiosensitisers. objective: the aim of this study is to understand characteristics of secondary electrons generated from interaction of gold nanoparticles gnps with x-rays as a function of nanoparticle size and beam energy and ...

The Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes with barbituric acid, dimedone and malononitrile occurred in the presence of BF3/nano-γ-Al2O3 at room temperature in ethanol. This catalyst is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-disper...

In this work, we investigate the following Kirchhoff-type equation with variable exponent nonlinearities u_{tt}-M(‖∇u‖²)△u+|u_{t}|^{p(x)-2}u_{t}=|u|^{q(x)-2}u. We proved the blow up of solutions in finite time by using modified energy functional method.