This paper takes up the familiar question of how one can explain support for European integration. One line of explanation builds on trade theory to theorize a calculus of economic costs and benefits. A second explanation draws on cognitive and social psychology to assess how individuals use political cues—grounded in ideology or elite communication—as a guide to complex issues. A third line dr...

We give a complete proof of a set of identities (7) proposed recently from calculation of high-energy string scattering amplitudes. These identities allow one to extract ratios among high-energy string scattering amplitudes in the fixed angle regime from highenergy amplitudes in the Regge regime. The proof is based on a signless Stirling number identity in combinatorial theory. The results are ...

Criteria for the design of gene-specific and group-specific oligonucleotide probes were established experimentally via an oligonucleotide array that contained perfect match (PM) and mismatch probes (50-mers and 70-mers) based upon four genes. The effects of probe-target identity, continuous stretch, mismatch position, and hybridization free energy on specificity were tested. Little hybridizatio...

From Hamilton’s principle of stationary action, we derive governing equations of two-fluid mixtures and extend the model to the dissipative case without chemical reactions. For both conservative and dissipative cases, an algebraic identity connecting equations of momentum, mass, energy and entropy is obtained by extending the Gibbs identity in dynamics. The obtained system is hyperbolic for sma...

We study a recently proposed horizon defining identity for certain black hole spacetimes. It relates the difference of the Brown-York quasilocal energy and the Komar charge at the horizon to the total energy of the spacetime. The Brown-York quasilocal energy is evaluated for some specific choices of spacetime foliations. With a certain condition imposed on the matter distribution, we prove this...