Received (received date) Revised (revised date) Large spatial density fluctuations in high-energy heavy-ion collisions can come from many sources: initial transverse density fluctuations, non-central collisions, phase transitions , surface tension, and fragmentations. The common presence of some of these sources in high-energy heavy-ion collisions suggests that large scale density fluctuations ...

We quantify the energy radiated through all the collisionally excited lines in a photoionized nebula which is permeated by temperature fluctuations. We assume that these correspond to hot spots which are the results of an unknown heating process distinct from the photoelectric heating. We consider all the effects of using a higher mean temperature (as compared to the equilibrium temperature) du...

Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Fluctuations in a thermal system 6 2.1. Fluctuations in a grand canonical ensemble 6 2.1.1. Fluctuations of the energy and of the conserved charges 7 2.2. Fluctuations in a canonical ensemble 11 2.3. Phase Transitions and Fluctuations 13 3. Other fluctuations 15 3.1. Volume fluctuations 15 3.2. Fluctuation from initial collisions 17 4. Fluctuations and Correlations...

We address the experimentally observed non-Gaussian fluctuations for the energy injected into a closed turbulent flow at fixed Reynolds number. We propose that the power fluctuations mirror the internal kinetic energy fluctuations. Using a stochastic cascade model, we construct the excess kinetic energy as the sum over the energy transfers at different levels of the cascade. We find an asymmetr...

We present measurements of net charge fluctuations in Au + Au collisions at √ sNN = 19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV, Cu + Cu collisions at √ sNN = 62.4, 200 GeV, and p + p collisions at √ s = 200 GeV using the net charge dynamical fluctuations measure ν+−,dyn. The dynamical fluctuations are non-zero at all energies and exhibit a rather modest dependence on beam energy. We find that at a given ener...

Luminosity distance estimates from electromagnetic and gravitational wave sources are generally different in models of dynamical dark energy gravity beyond the standard cosmological scenario. We show that this leaves a unique imprint on angular power-spectrum fluctuations luminosity gravitational-wave observations which tracks inhomogeneities field. Exploiting synergy supernovae measurements, w...

Vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field induce current fluctuations in resistively shunted Josephson junctions that are measurable in terms of a physically relevant power spectrum. In this paper we investigate under which conditions vacuum fluctuations can be gravitationally active, thus contributing to the dark energy density of the universe. Our central hypothesis is that vacuum fluc...