Background Energy drinks are often marketed to the consumer as a performance enhancing beverage. When performance benefits are realized, it is likely due to the caffeine content present in typical energy drinks. There have been few scientific studies investigating the effects of energy drink ingestion on anaerobic performance assessed by repeated 20-second Wingate tests. PURPOSE: To determine t...

OBJECTIVE Consumers in the UK responded to the rapid increases in food prices between 2007 and 2009 partly by reducing the amount of food energy bought. Household food and drink waste has also decreased since 2007. The present study explored the combined effects of reductions in food purchases and waste on estimated food energy intakes and dietary energy density. DESIGN The amount of food ene...

Background: This study aimed to investigate the consumption of energy drinks and associated factors among undergraduate students in Taiwan. Methods: Data came from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2015. Eligible participants completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing use and perceptions of energy drinks, tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut. Results: Among 606 surveyed undergraduate ...

The aim of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of a caffeine-containing energy drink to improve physical performance of elite field hockey players during a game. On 2 days separated by a week, 13 elite field hockey players (age and body mass = 23.2 ± 3.9 years and 76.1 ± 6.1 kg) ingested 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass in the form of an energy drink or the same drink without c...

The objectives of this current investigation are (1) to develop a multiple-unit microparticulate dosage form for simvastatin (50, 75 and 100 mg drug loads) from a hydrophilic polymer and a positively-charged polysaccharide moiety using a cold dispersion method, (2) to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of the energy drink formulation containing drug-loaded microparticles i...

OBJECTIVE National data for the USA show increases in sports and energy drink consumption over the past decade with the largest increases among young adults aged 20-34 years. The present study aimed to identify sociodemographic factors and health-risk behaviours associated with sports and energy drink consumption among young adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of survey data from the thir...

To the Editor Many adverse cardiac effects have been reported following energy drinks consumption, among which atrial arrhythmias, acute coronary syndromes, and even cardiac arrest. These can develop also in the absence of other symptoms related to acute toxicity, such as neurological symptoms. Considering the absence of specific toxicological tests, the diagnosis of energy drink intoxication s...

BACKGROUND A considerable amount of research suggests that the frequent use of caffeinated energy drinks may be associated with undesirable effects, particularly so in children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the associations between energy drink intake and mental health problems, in isolation or in combination with junk food consumption, in a nationally representative sample o...

Use of energy drinks and energy shots among military personnel is controversial. High amounts of caffeine (the primary active ingredient in these products) may impact performance of military duties. The impact of caffeine overconsumption and potential subsequent side effects that might be experienced by service members with unique roles and responsibilities is a concern. Reported here are the p...