GUNNAR PETTER* , † , MARKUS WEITERE, OTTO RICHTER* AND SYLVIA MOENICKES* , § *Institute of Geoecology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany Biodiversity, Macroecology & Conservation Biogeography Group, University of G€ottingen, G€ottingen, Germany Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany Faculty of Life Sciences, Environmental Systems An...

Supplemental Material Transport and Retention of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Coated Silver Nanoparticles in Natural Soils Dengjun Wang 1, , Deb P. Jaisi , Jing Yan , Yan Jin , Dongmei Zhou * 1 Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China 2 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark...

Human life history contains a series of paradoxes not easily explained by classical life history theory. Although overall reproductive output is higher than in related primates, juvenile growth is slower and age-specific reproductive rates decline faster with age. A simple energetic model would predict that growth and reproductive rates should be positively correlated and that reproductive effo...

Energy demands are becoming recognized as an important constraint on neural signaling. The olfactory glomerulus provides a well defined system for analyzing this question. Odor stimulation elicits high-energy demands in olfactory glomeruli where olfactory axons converge onto dendrites of olfactory bulb neurons. We performed a quantitative analysis of the energy demands of each type of neuronal ...

All methods of evolutionary computation employ a mechanism for selecting which solutions in a population should be retained to serve as the basis for generating further samples. A variety of selection procedures have been offered: proportional selection (Holland, 1975), tournament selection (Fogel, 1988; Goldberg 1990), the so-called "plus" and "comma" methods of evolution strategies (Bäck and ...