BACKGROUND Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis is a common entity and occurs mainly in elderly patients. The trend in surgery has been to offer decompression with instrumented fusion based on patient-based outcome data and the inherent instability of the condition. OBJECTIVES Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and foraminotomy is an ultra-minimally invasive outpatient surgical option avai...

OBJECTIVE To study the surgical outcome of outpatient percutaneous microdecompressive endoscopic cervical discectomy with lower energy laser for shrinkage of disc material (thermodiskoplasty). METHOD Since 1994, 200 patients with herniated cervical discs have presented at the authors' clinic, with unilateral radicular pain. The diagnosis was confirmed by MRI or CT, and EMG. RESULTS At an av...

Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy is a minimally invasive surgery with little pain, less blood loss, less hospital stay and the surgery can be done in local anesthesia, which was started during late 20th century. Kambin and Gellmann in 1973 in the United States and Hijikata in Japanin 1977 individually preformed posterolateral percutaneous nucleotomy for the resection of the nuc...

BACKGROUND In this study we analyzed and presented our experience of performing transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TPELD). METHODS A retrospective study of 142 TPELD was conducted on 134 consecutive patients from 2001 through 2005. The inclusion criteria for patients were those who had leg pain with or without low back pain and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that reve...

This study was undertaken to prove that the selectively infiltrated parts of nucleus pulposus with indigo carmine was degenerated parts of nucleus pulposus. This study was done, between August and October 2002, in 5 patients, who received endoscopic discectomy, due to intervertebral disc herniation. Discogram was done with mixture of indigo carmine and radioactive dye. Blue discolored part was ...

STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled study of patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniations after conventional discectomy, operated either in a full-endoscopic or microsurgical technique. OBJECTIVE Comparison of results of lumbar revision discectomies in full-endoscopic interlaminar and transforaminal technique with the conventional microsurgical technique. SUMMARY OF BACKGROU...