Although sodium hypochlorite is the most frequently used canal irrigant during endodontic treatment, its complications are not as well recognized as its effectiveness. This report demonstrates that sodium hypochlorite extrusion during endodontic treatment can cause severe complications. A 5-year-old boy experienced immediate pain and swelling, ecchymosis in surrounding tissues, and profuse blee...

The main goal of endodontic treatment is healing of the periapical tissues which are gained by elimination of bacteria and their byproducts from the canal and prevention from reinfection. Understanding of root canal anatomy is an essential part in endodontic treatment. Anatomic forms and variations in special teeth should be well known, one of them is extra roots/ canals. Although possible aber...

I) Introduction (II) Diseases of the Pulp (III) Controversies in the Management of Exposed Pulp in the Adult Tooth NATURE OF THE CONTROVERSY POTENTIAL FACTORS OF SIGNIFICANCE TO FAILURE OF PULP CAPPING RESEARCH DIRECTIONS INDIRECT PULP CAPPING—ALTERNATIVE TO DIRECT PULP CAPPING? (IV) Controversies in Endodontic Therapy NATURE OF THE CONTROVERSY SUCCESS AND FAILURE OF ENDODONTIC THERAPY CORONAL ...

Dental management of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often requires the need for pharmacological behavior management techniques such as the use of sedation. The purpose of this article is to describe a clinical case involving accidental aspiration of an Endodontic instrument during root canal therapy under sedation. To our knowledge, this is the first case report o...

The treatment of mandibular molars has been challenging to the endodontist due to its several anatomical variations. The majority of mandibular first molars are two rooted with one mesial root and one distal root. It can have an additional root located lingually (radix entomolaris) or buccally (radix paramolaris). Success of endodontic treatment depends on thorough mechanical and chemical clean...

Invasive cervical resorption is a type of external resorption rarely seen as an adverse effect after a guided tissue regeneration procedure for a periodontal condition. This case report summarizes the surgical endodontic management of an invasive cervical resorption class 4 (Heithersay) with mineral trioxide aggregate, in a mandibular incisor of a 67-year-old man. A 6-year clinical follow-up wi...

The purpose of this article was to illustrate an alternative approach to non-surgical management of teeth with failed surgical retreatment. The patient presented with complaint of severe pain after endodontic treatment of the maxillary right lateral and central incisors, which has not been reduce by periradicular surgery. Radiographic examination revealed the poor quality of both the endodontic...

Endodontic treatments are routinely done with the help of radiographs. However, radiographs represent only a two-dimensional image of an object. Failure to identify aberrant anatomy can lead to endodontic failure. This case report presents the use of three-dimensional imaging with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as an adjunct to digital radiography in identification and management of mandi...

Anatomy of the root canal system always effects endodontic treatment outcome. Mandibular premolar teeth show extreme variations in root canal morphology. First premolars usually exhibit basic one root and one canal anatomy. The occurrence of three roots in mandibular first premolar has not been commonly reported in literature. This article reports a case of successful nonsurgical endodontic man...