Plasmodium malariae is widely distributed across the tropics, causing symptomatic malaria in humans with a 72-hour fever periodicity, and may present after latency periods lasting up to many decades. Delayed occurrence of symptoms is observed in humans using chemoprophylaxis, or patients having received therapies targeting P. falciparum intraerythrocytic asexual stages, but few investigators ha...

Tick-borne relapsing fever is caused by numerous Borrelia species maintained in nature by Ornithodoros tick-mammal cycles. Serological confirmation is based on either an immunofluorescence assay or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using whole cells or sonicated Borrelia hermsii as the antigen. However, antigenic variability of this bacterium's outer surface proteins and antigens shared with...

There are four Bartonella species known to be pathogenic for humans (Table 1). Carrion’s disease (Bartonella bacilliformis) is endemic to certain areas of South America and has a clinical course that varies widely. It may occur as a subclinical latent disease, an acute fulminant and fatal febrile illness, or an insidious disease of the skin. Trench fever (Bartonella quintana) is transmitted by ...

THE following account is based on eighteen months' experience as R.M.O. of the 6th Battalion K.A.R. stationed at Dar es Salaam, Tang'anyika, East Africa. Dar es Salaam, the coastal capital of Tanganyika, is situated almost directly opposite Zanzibar Island. Its Arabic name means the "Haven of Peace" and despite the hustle and bustle of the modern world that centres round the new deep water bert...

from his investigations that the relapsing fever of Panama is distinct from the analogous fever of Africa Europe and Asia, although belonging to the same class. The micro-organism causing | the local relapsing fever belongs to the group Sp. obermeieri, Sp. duttoni, and bp. carten. lhe natural mode of infection has not been definitely established so far. Sarcosporidiosis.?(With Report of a case 111

References 1. Parola P, Diatta G, Socolovschi C, Mediannikov O, Tall A, Bassene H, et al. Tick-borne relapsing fever borreliosis, rural Senegal. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17:883–5. 2. Elbir H, Raoult D, Drancourt M. Relapsing fever borreliae in Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;89:288–92. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0691 3. Wilting KR, Stienstra Y, Sinha B, Braks M, Cornish D, Grundmann H. L...

In Africa, relapsing fevers caused by ectoparasite-borne Borrelia species are transmitted by ticks, with the exception of Borrelia recurrentis, which is a louse-borne spirochete. These tropical diseases are responsible for mild to deadly spirochetemia. Cultured Borrelia crocidurae, Borrelia duttonii, and Borrelia hispanica circulate alongside at least six species that have not yet been cultured...

A 49-year-old healthy female presented to the emergency department with a headache, fever to 103°F, mild myalgia, heart rate of 119 bpm, and blood pressure of 80/40 mm Hg. Past medical history was unremarkable, no drug allergies or current medications, except for a recent vacation in eastern Washington state. The complete blood count showed a white blood cell count of 12.5 3 10E9/L (mild leukoc...