‘Hermetic sealing’ is defined by the Shorter OED as “air-tight closure of a vessel by fusion, soldering or welding”. The term ‘hermetic package’ used in the electronics industry is however at best slightly misleading, in that the term is used to describe components where the die and associated bonds are sealed within a cavity in a hollow package (as distinct from being embedded in a resin), and...

Strictly enforced encapsulation is a key concept for modular software designs. However, in many situations like unanticipated reuse, productivity can be raised by a more flexible approach to encapsulation. Also the discussion about the role of “obliviousness” in aspect-oriented programming is one instance of a general conflict between strictness and flexibility. Here, different technologies tak...

This paper discusses sputtered silicon encapsulation as a wafer level packaging approach for isolatable MEMS devices. Devices such as accelerometers, RF switches, inductors, and filters that do not require interaction with the surroundings to function, could thus be fully encapsulated at the wafer level after fabrication. A MEMSTech 50g capacitive accelerometer was used to demonstrate a sputter...

Payloads transported over a Softwire mesh service (as defined by BGP Encapsulation Subsequent Address Family Identifier (SAFI) information exchange) often carry a number of identifiable, distinct flows. It can, in some circumstances, be desirable to distribute these flows over the equal cost multiple paths (ECMPs) that exist in the packet switched network. Currently, the payload of a packet ent...

Microencapsulations of Lactobacillus acidophilus in xanthan-chitosan (XC) and xanthan-chitosan-xanthan (XCX) polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) gels were prepared in this study. The process of encapsulation was optimized with the aid of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum condition was chitosan of 0.68%, xanthan of 0.76%, xanthan-L. acidophilus mixture (XLM)/chitosan of 1:2.56 correspond...

Saffron essential oil has a pleasant aroma and medicinal activities. However, it is sensible into the environmental condition. Therefore, it should be protected against unwanted changes during storage or processing. Encapsulation is introduced as a process by which liable materials are protected from unwanted changes. In the present study, different ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0...

Saffron essential oil has a pleasant aroma and medicinal activities. However, it is sensible into the environmental condition. Therefore, it should be protected against unwanted changes during storage or processing. Encapsulation is introduced as a process by which liable materials are protected from unwanted changes. In the present study, different ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0...

Small bowel encapsulation is a rare entity which is usually found incidentally at autopsy. We report the first case of peritoneal encapsulation encountered serendipitously at laparotomy undertaken for penetrating abdominal trauma and review the literature on peritoneal encapsulation. We also compare this phenomenon to abdominal cocoon and sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis.

Biomedical micro-electromechanical systems (bioMEMS) and other biochips usually have exposed chip surfaces that interface with fluids containing biological elements. These chips require postprocessing for fluidic encapsulation to confine the spreading of fluids during experiments. An effective fluidic encapsulation protocol is reported here that simplifies this encapsulation procedure. The prot...