purpose: despite growing interest and increased investments in empowerment, the development of instruments and indicators with which to monitor and evaluate empowerment processes and outcomes are still at an early stage. the main goal of this study was to introduce and test the world bank empowerment model for assessing the economic empowerment of rural people and to identify contexts and facto...

friedman and weitz are among the theorists of the rohout school who propose models such as rural-urban development within the framework of comprehensive rural development schemes; consider rural development beyond urban development and perceive national development as dependent on rural development. in this regard, sustainable human development as a step beyond sustainable development is accept...

This paper provides positive examples of shaping change in African rural communities. First the author discusses perceptions of change and what change really is. Education, extension, and learning are all about change. We need to move beyond simple information, technology transfer, and ‘old-school’ top-down training as means of bringing about change, to real learning opportunities that are empo...

BACKGROUND The Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) has a social accountability mandate to contribute to improving the health of the people and communities of Northern Ontario. NOSM recruits students from Northern Ontario or similar backgrounds and provides Distributed Community Engaged Learning in over 70 clinical and community settings located in the region, a vast underserved rural par...

Agriculture and natural resource management are crucial for pro-poor growth; empowerment is key to the success and sustainability of development initiatives in these areas. Donors can support empowerment processes in rural areas where poor people face pressing challenges to their livelihoods by supporting their rights and access to natural resources; through participatory and accountable knowle...

the natural result of the application of modernization approach in developing countries is the formation and development of large-scale migration from rural to urban areas. this has changed the sex structure of population in a number of rural settlements in the country. as the current situation maintains, it is clear that women will be the main beneficiaries of the development plans in rural ar...

The study examined alcohol consumption and its effects on economic and social livelihood of selected rural communities of Enugu State. One hundred and twenty randomly selected alcohol consuming heads of households and sixty four purposively selected non-alcohol consuming heads of household were used. Data were collected using structured interview schedule and analysed using percentage. Alcoholi...