Empirical methods have been successful in recent years. Indeed, as Henry Kautz reminded the workshop participants, in the last year alone, the New York Times has reported two major empirical successes: (1) DEEP BLUE’s defeat of Kasparov and (2) the computer-generated proof of an open problem in Robbins algebra. Pandurang Nayak (NASA Ames) described another highly publicized success, the diagnos...

A method, which we suggest to call the Empirical Maximum Entropy method, is implicitly present at Maximum Entropy Empirical Likelihood method, as its special, non-parametric case. From this vantage point the entropy-based empirical approach to estimation is surveyed.

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This paper describes a novel summarization system, Classummary, for interactive online classroom discussions. This system is originally designed for Open Source Software (OSS) development forums. However, this new application provides valuable feedback on designing summarization systems and applying them to everyday use, in addition to the traditional natural language processing evaluation meth...