für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Creative Commons Namen...

2014 All available charge state measurements for heavy ions in dilute gases and carbon foils at equilibrium or near-equilibrium conditions have been analyzed to improve semi-empirical formulas for the distribution parameters. Each experimental distribution was fit to an asymmetric function Fq = Fm : exp {2014 0.5 t2/(1 + 03B5t) }, where t = (q 2014 q0)/03C1 and q0 is the maximum intensity charg...

A new type of hybrid ring coupler (or rat-race coupler) the gap-waveguide ring hybrid has been developed in this work. The advantages of the new gap-waveguide ring hybrid are low manufacturing cost since the good electrical contact between metal plates is not required, and lower transmission loss compared to microstrip line since there is no dielectric material needed. Therefore, the gap-wavegu...